diff --git a/chasm/api/chasm.klib.api b/chasm/api/chasm.klib.api
index 445fdbbb2..3dfde3555 100644
--- a/chasm/api/chasm.klib.api
+++ b/chasm/api/chasm.klib.api
@@ -471,6 +471,7 @@ final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.reference/writeArrayElement(io.gi
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.reference/writeStructField(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value/ReferenceValue.Struct, kotlin/Int, io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value/FieldValue): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Unit, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.reference/writeStructField|writeStructField(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value.ReferenceValue.Struct;kotlin.Int;io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value.FieldValue){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.table/readTable(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Table, kotlin/Int): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value/ReferenceValue, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.table/readTable|readTable(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Table;kotlin.Int){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.table/writeTable(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Table, kotlin/Int, io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value/ReferenceValue): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Unit, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.table/writeTable|writeTable(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Table;kotlin.Int;io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value.ReferenceValue){}[0]
+final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/addFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, kotlin/Long): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Unit, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/addFuel|addFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;kotlin.Long){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/component(io.github.charlietap.chasm.stream/SourceReader, io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/ComponentConfig = ...): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Component, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.DecodeError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/component|component(io.github.charlietap.chasm.stream.SourceReader;io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.ComponentConfig){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/component(kotlin/ByteArray, io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/ComponentConfig = ...): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Component, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.DecodeError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/component|component(kotlin.ByteArray;io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.ComponentConfig){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/dropInstance(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Instance): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Unit, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/dropInstance|dropInstance(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Instance){}[0]
@@ -488,7 +489,10 @@ final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/module(io.github.charlietap.chasm
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/module(kotlin/ByteArray, io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/ModuleConfig = ...): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Module, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.DecodeError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/module|module(kotlin.ByteArray;io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.ModuleConfig){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/moduleInfo(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Module): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ModuleInfo // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/moduleInfo|moduleInfo(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Module){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/prepareFunction(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Instance, kotlin/String): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/PreparedFunction, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/prepareFunction|prepareFunction(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Instance;kotlin.String){}[0]
+final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/remainingFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Long, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/remainingFuel|remainingFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store){}[0]
+final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/resetFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<kotlin/Unit, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ExecutionError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/resetFuel|resetFuel(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/store(): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/store|store(){}[0]
+final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/store(io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/store|store(io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.StoreConfig){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/table(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.type/TableType, io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value/ReferenceValue): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Table // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/table|table(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.type.TableType;io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value.ReferenceValue){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/tag(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Store, io.github.charlietap.chasm.type/TagType): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Tag // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/tag|tag(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store;io.github.charlietap.chasm.type.TagType){}[0]
 final fun io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/validate(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Component): io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/ChasmResult<io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes/Component, io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error/ChasmError.ValidationError> // io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding/validate|validate(io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Component){}[0]
diff --git a/chasm/api/jvm/chasm.api b/chasm/api/jvm/chasm.api
index ec27f4fec..eda447bb5 100644
--- a/chasm/api/jvm/chasm.api
+++ b/chasm/api/jvm/chasm.api
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/ExportsKt {
 	public static final fun exports (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Instance;)Ljava/util/List;
 }
 
+public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/FuelKt {
+	public static final fun addFuel (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;J)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/ChasmResult;
+	public static final fun remainingFuel (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/ChasmResult;
+	public static final fun resetFuel (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/ChasmResult;
+}
+
 public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/FunctionKt {
 	public static final fun function (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/type/FunctionType;Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/host/HostFunction;)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Function;
 }
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/PrepareFunctionKt {
 
 public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/StoreKt {
 	public static final fun store ()Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;
+	public static final fun store (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig;)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/shapes/Store;
 }
 
 public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/TableKt {
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Fuel.kt b/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Fuel.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c2d58034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Fuel.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding
+
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error.ChasmError
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.ChasmResult
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store
+
+/**
+ * Adds [amount] units to a store created with `StoreConfig(meterFuel = true)`, saturating at
+ * [Long.MAX_VALUE]. Its code takes one at every function entry and loop iteration, and traps with
+ * `FuelExhausted` once none are left. Instantiating a module runs its start function on the same fuel.
+ * Call it only while none of the store's calls are running.
+ */
+fun addFuel(
+    store: Store,
+    amount: Long,
+): ChasmResult<Unit, ChasmError.ExecutionError> {
+    val fuel = store.store.fuel
+    if (!fuel.metered) return unmeteredError()
+    if (amount < 0L) {
+        return ChasmResult.Error(ChasmError.ExecutionError("Fuel added must be non-negative"))
+    }
+
+    fuel.remaining += amount.coerceAtMost(Long.MAX_VALUE - fuel.remaining)
+    return ChasmResult.Success(Unit)
+}
+
+/** Empties a metered store's fuel; call it only while none of its calls run. */
+fun resetFuel(store: Store): ChasmResult<Unit, ChasmError.ExecutionError> {
+    val fuel = store.store.fuel
+    if (!fuel.metered) return unmeteredError()
+
+    fuel.remaining = 0L
+    return ChasmResult.Success(Unit)
+}
+
+/** The fuel a metered store has left; call it only while none of its calls run. */
+fun remainingFuel(store: Store): ChasmResult<Long, ChasmError.ExecutionError> {
+    val fuel = store.store.fuel
+    if (!fuel.metered) return unmeteredError()
+
+    return ChasmResult.Success(fuel.remaining)
+}
+
+private fun unmeteredError() = ChasmResult.Error(
+    ChasmError.ExecutionError("Fuel metering is not enabled for this store"),
+)
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Store.kt b/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Store.kt
index a1e5c71bd..03fb2900d 100644
--- a/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Store.kt
+++ b/chasm/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/embedding/Store.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding
 
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.StoreConfig
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Fuel
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Store as InternalStore
 
 fun store(): Store = Store(InternalStore())
+
+fun store(config: StoreConfig): Store = Store(InternalStore(fuel = Fuel(metered = config.meterFuel)))
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/integration/FuelTest.kt b/chasm/src/commonTest/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/integration/FuelTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0aaa9725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chasm/src/commonTest/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/integration/FuelTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package io.github.charlietap.chasm.integration
+
+import com.goncalossilva.resources.Resource
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.config.StoreConfig
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.addFuel
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.error.ChasmError
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.instance
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.invoke
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.module
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.remainingFuel
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.resetFuel
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.ChasmResult
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Instance
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.Store
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.shapes.expect
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.embedding.store
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.error.InvocationError
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.value.NumberValue
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertIs
+
+class FuelTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun `an unmetered store runs without fuel`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = false)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(listOf(NumberValue.I32(0))), count(store, instance, 10))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the fuel api returns an error for an unmetered store and leaves its balance unchanged`() {
+        val (store, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = false)
+
+        assertIs<ChasmResult.Error<*>>(addFuel(store, 10))
+        assertIs<ChasmResult.Error<*>>(resetFuel(store))
+        assertIs<ChasmResult.Error<*>>(remainingFuel(store))
+        assertEquals(0, store.store.fuel.remaining)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a fresh metered store has no fuel and traps on invocation`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), count(store, instance, 10))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a function entry and each loop iteration spend a unit`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 100)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(listOf(NumberValue.I32(0))), count(store, instance, 10))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(89L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `an exactly sufficient allowance succeeds and leaves zero`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 11)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(listOf(NumberValue.I32(0))), count(store, instance, 10))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+
+        addFuel(store, 10)
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), count(store, instance, 10))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `adding fuel preserves the existing balance`() {
+        val (store, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), addFuel(store, 40))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), addFuel(store, 2))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(42L), remainingFuel(store))
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), addFuel(store, 0))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(42L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `adding fuel saturates at the maximum`() {
+        val (store, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+
+        addFuel(store, 42)
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), addFuel(store, Long.MAX_VALUE - 42))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Long.MAX_VALUE), remainingFuel(store))
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), addFuel(store, Long.MAX_VALUE))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Long.MAX_VALUE), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `adding negative fuel returns an error and leaves the balance unchanged`() {
+        val (store, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 42)
+
+        assertIs<ChasmResult.Error<*>>(addFuel(store, -1))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(42L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `resetting fuel empties the balance`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 42)
+
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(Unit), resetFuel(store))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), count(store, instance, 1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a loop traps once the fuel runs out`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 1_000)
+
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), invoke(store, instance, "spin"))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `adding fuel after exhaustion lets a finite function complete`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 5)
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), count(store, instance, 10))
+
+        addFuel(store, 11)
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(listOf(NumberValue.I32(0))), count(store, instance, 10))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `recursion traps once the fuel runs out`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 100)
+
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), invoke(store, instance, "recurse"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `tail calls and indirect calls trap once the fuel runs out`() {
+        val (store, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        addFuel(store, 100)
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), invoke(store, instance, "ping"))
+
+        addFuel(store, 100)
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), invoke(store, instance, "indirect"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a looping start function exhausts fuel during instantiation`() {
+        val store = store(StoreConfig(meterFuel = true))
+        addFuel(store, 1_000)
+        val module = module(Resource(FILE_DIR + START_FIXTURE).readBytes()).expect("module decodes")
+
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), instance(store, module, emptyList()))
+        assertEquals(ChasmResult.Success(0L), remainingFuel(store))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a metered store compiles a check per function and loop and an unmetered store compiles none`() {
+        val (metered, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = true)
+        val (unmetered, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = false)
+
+        // Six functions and two loops.
+        assertEquals(8, metered.store.program.size - unmetered.store.program.size)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a module large enough to compile in parallel is metered throughout`() {
+        val functions = 400
+        val (metered, instance) = instantiate(meterFuel = true, fileName = PARALLEL_FIXTURE)
+        val (unmetered, _) = instantiate(meterFuel = false, fileName = PARALLEL_FIXTURE)
+
+        assertEquals(2 * functions, metered.store.program.size - unmetered.store.program.size)
+        addFuel(metered, 1_000)
+        assertEquals(trap(InvocationError.FuelExhausted), invoke(metered, instance, "last"))
+    }
+
+    private fun count(store: Store, instance: Instance, times: Int) =
+        invoke(store, instance, "count", listOf(NumberValue.I32(times)))
+
+    private fun instantiate(meterFuel: Boolean, fileName: String = FUEL_FIXTURE): Pair<Store, Instance> {
+        val store = store(StoreConfig(meterFuel = meterFuel))
+        val module = module(Resource(FILE_DIR + fileName).readBytes()).expect("module decodes")
+        return store to instance(store, module, emptyList()).expect("module instantiates")
+    }
+
+    private fun trap(error: InvocationError) = ChasmResult.Error(ChasmError.ExecutionError(error.toString()))
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val FILE_DIR = "integration/"
+        private const val FUEL_FIXTURE = "fuel.wasm"
+        private const val START_FIXTURE = "fuel_start.wasm"
+        private const val PARALLEL_FIXTURE = "fuel_parallel.wasm"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wasm b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wasm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af461ab75
Binary files /dev/null and b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wasm differ
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wat b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d9f1577f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel.wat
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+(module
+  (type $void (func))
+  (table 1 funcref)
+  (elem (i32.const 0) $indirect)
+
+  (func $spin (export "spin")
+    (loop $continue
+      (br $continue)))
+
+  (func $count (export "count") (param $n i32) (result i32)
+    (loop $continue
+      (local.set $n (i32.sub (local.get $n) (i32.const 1)))
+      (br_if $continue (local.get $n)))
+    (local.get $n))
+
+  (func $recurse (export "recurse")
+    (call $recurse))
+
+  (func $ping (export "ping")
+    (return_call $pong))
+
+  (func $pong
+    (return_call $ping))
+
+  (func $indirect (export "indirect")
+    (call_indirect (type $void) (i32.const 0))))
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wasm b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wasm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc2e69a52
Binary files /dev/null and b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wasm differ
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wat b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82e92f245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_parallel.wat
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+(module
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (loop $continue (br $continue)))
+  (func (export "last") (loop $continue (br $continue))))
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wasm b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wasm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90063ab8e
Binary files /dev/null and b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wasm differ
diff --git a/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wat b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b23346b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chasm/src/commonTest/resources/integration/fuel_start.wat
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(module
+  (func $spin
+    (loop $continue
+      (br $continue)))
+
+  (start $spin))
diff --git a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/ControlInstructionCompiler.kt b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/ControlInstructionCompiler.kt
index 4ccaa9004..e3164391a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/ControlInstructionCompiler.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/ControlInstructionCompiler.kt
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitCall
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitCallIndirect
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitCallRef
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitCopies
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitFuelCheck
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitFunctionReturn
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitJump
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitReturnCallIndirect
@@ -201,7 +202,11 @@ private fun enterBlock(
     } else {
         resultSlots
     }
-    if (kind == BlockKind.Loop) state.bind(branchTarget)
+    if (kind == BlockKind.Loop) {
+        state.bind(branchTarget)
+        // At the loop's branch target, so every iteration spends fuel.
+        state.emitFuelCheck()
+    }
 
     state.controls.push(
         kind = kind,
diff --git a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/FunctionCompiler.kt b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/FunctionCompiler.kt
index e1c694265..90f29fc02 100644
--- a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/FunctionCompiler.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/FunctionCompiler.kt
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitCopy
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitDeferredBranchPaths
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitF32Constant
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitF64Constant
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitFuelCheck
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitGlobalSet
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitI32Constant
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction.emitI64Constant
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ internal fun FunctionCompiler(
             program = programBuilder,
         )
         beginFunctionControl(state)
+        state.emitFuelCheck()
 
         var index = 0
         while (index < function.body.instructions.size) {
diff --git a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/context/CompilerContext.kt b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/context/CompilerContext.kt
index acbd9993a..f2da504bc 100644
--- a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/context/CompilerContext.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/context/CompilerContext.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.instance.MemoryInstance
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.instance.ModuleInstance
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.instance.TableInstance
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.instance.TagInstance
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Fuel
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Store
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.type.ModuleTypeResolver
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.type.RuntimeTypeMap
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ internal class CompilerContext(
     val globals: Array<GlobalInstance> = emptyArray(),
     val elements: Array<ElementInstance> = emptyArray(),
     val data: Array<DataInstance> = emptyArray(),
+    /** A metered store's fuel, which the checks emitted at function entries and loop headers take from. */
+    val fuel: Fuel? = null,
 ) {
     val emptyBlockType: FunctionType = types.blockType(BlockType.Empty)
     val instructionObserver = diagnostics?.instructionObserver
@@ -66,4 +69,5 @@ internal fun createCompilerContext(
     globals = Array(instance.globalAddresses.size) { index -> store.global(instance.globalAddresses[index]) },
     elements = Array(instance.elemAddresses.size) { index -> store.element(instance.elemAddresses[index]) },
     data = Array(instance.dataAddresses.size) { index -> store.data(instance.dataAddresses[index]) },
+    fuel = store.fuel.takeIf { it.metered },
 )
diff --git a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/instruction/AdminInstructionEmitter.kt b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/instruction/AdminInstructionEmitter.kt
index 39baba0d0..c737a9a29 100644
--- a/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/instruction/AdminInstructionEmitter.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/compiler/instruction/AdminInstructionEmitter.kt
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.instruction
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.compiler.context.FunctionCompilationContext
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.admin.CopySlotDispatcher
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.admin.CopySlotsDispatcher
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.admin.FuelCheckDispatcher
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.numeric.F32ConstDispatcher
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.numeric.F64ConstDispatcher
 import io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.numeric.I32ConstDispatcher
@@ -63,3 +64,10 @@ internal fun FunctionCompilationContext.emitF64Constant(bits: Long, destinationS
     val instruction = NumericInstruction.F64ConstS(bits, destinationSlot)
     emit(instruction, ::F64ConstDispatcher)
 }
+
+internal fun FunctionCompilationContext.emitFuelCheck() {
+    val fuel = compiler.fuel ?: return
+    emit(AdminInstruction.FuelCheck) {
+        FuelCheckDispatcher(it, fuel)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/config/api/config.klib.api b/config/api/config.klib.api
index 87492a086..9cfb5af22 100644
--- a/config/api/config.klib.api
+++ b/config/api/config.klib.api
@@ -180,3 +180,16 @@ final class io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/RuntimeConfig { // io.github.charl
     final fun hashCode(): kotlin/Int // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/RuntimeConfig.hashCode|hashCode(){}[0]
     final fun toString(): kotlin/String // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/RuntimeConfig.toString|toString(){}[0]
 }
+
+final class io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig { // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig|null[0]
+    constructor <init>(kotlin/Boolean = ...) // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.<init>|<init>(kotlin.Boolean){}[0]
+
+    final val meterFuel // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.meterFuel|{}meterFuel[0]
+        final fun <get-meterFuel>(): kotlin/Boolean // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.meterFuel.<get-meterFuel>|<get-meterFuel>(){}[0]
+
+    final fun component1(): kotlin/Boolean // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.component1|component1(){}[0]
+    final fun copy(kotlin/Boolean = ...): io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.copy|copy(kotlin.Boolean){}[0]
+    final fun equals(kotlin/Any?): kotlin/Boolean // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.equals|equals(kotlin.Any?){}[0]
+    final fun hashCode(): kotlin/Int // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.hashCode|hashCode(){}[0]
+    final fun toString(): kotlin/String // io.github.charlietap.chasm.config/StoreConfig.toString|toString(){}[0]
+}
diff --git a/config/api/jvm/config.api b/config/api/jvm/config.api
index 31be6070f..443e812f2 100644
--- a/config/api/jvm/config.api
+++ b/config/api/jvm/config.api
@@ -158,3 +158,16 @@ public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/config/RuntimeConfig {
 	public fun toString ()Ljava/lang/String;
 }
 
+public final class io/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig {
+	public fun <init> ()V
+	public fun <init> (Z)V
+	public synthetic fun <init> (ZILkotlin/jvm/internal/DefaultConstructorMarker;)V
+	public final fun component1 ()Z
+	public final fun copy (Z)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig;
+	public static synthetic fun copy$default (Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig;ZILjava/lang/Object;)Lio/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig;
+	public fun equals (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
+	public final fun getMeterFuel ()Z
+	public fun hashCode ()I
+	public fun toString ()Ljava/lang/String;
+}
+
diff --git a/config/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig.kt b/config/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..761ac60b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/config/StoreConfig.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package io.github.charlietap.chasm.config
+
+/**
+ * Configures a store.
+ *
+ * @property meterFuel compiles a fuel check at every function entry and loop iteration of the
+ * store's code. A metered store starts with no fuel, so add some before running any of its code,
+ * a module's start function included.
+ */
+data class StoreConfig(
+    val meterFuel: Boolean = false,
+)
diff --git a/executor/invoker/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/executor/invoker/dispatch/admin/FuelCheckDispatcher.kt b/executor/invoker/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/executor/invoker/dispatch/admin/FuelCheckDispatcher.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f45918b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executor/invoker/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/executor/invoker/dispatch/admin/FuelCheckDispatcher.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.github.charlietap.chasm.executor.invoker.dispatch.admin
+
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.dispatch.DispatchableInstruction
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.error.InvocationError
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.exception.InvocationException
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.instruction.AdminInstruction
+import io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Fuel
+
+/** [fuel] is the compiling store's, captured so a check does not look it up on every loop iteration. */
+fun FuelCheckDispatcher(
+    @Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER") instruction: AdminInstruction.FuelCheck,
+    fuel: Fuel,
+): DispatchableInstruction = DispatchableInstruction { _, _, nextIp ->
+    if (fuel.remaining <= 0L) {
+        throw InvocationException(InvocationError.FuelExhausted)
+    }
+    fuel.remaining--
+    nextIp
+}
diff --git a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/error/InvocationError.kt b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/error/InvocationError.kt
index 00834fe67..c96bda0a4 100644
--- a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/error/InvocationError.kt
+++ b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/error/InvocationError.kt
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ sealed interface InvocationError : ModuleTrapError {
 
     data object GuestHeapOutOfMemory : InvocationError
 
+    data object FuelExhausted : InvocationError
+
     @JvmInline
     value class UnimplementedInstruction(val instruction: LinkedInstruction) : InvocationError
 
diff --git a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/instruction/AdminInstruction.kt b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/instruction/AdminInstruction.kt
index f021f6521..79ffed925 100644
--- a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/instruction/AdminInstruction.kt
+++ b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/instruction/AdminInstruction.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ sealed interface AdminInstruction : LinkedInstruction {
 
     data class Jump(val targetIp: Int) : AdminInstruction
 
+    /** Takes a unit of the store's [io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store.Fuel]; emitted only for metered stores. */
+    data object FuelCheck : AdminInstruction
+
     data class JumpCopies(
         val operands: OperandTransfer,
         val destinationSlotBase: Int,
diff --git a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Fuel.kt b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Fuel.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27842e7bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Fuel.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.store
+
+/**
+ * A budget for the code a store runs. When [metered], code compiled into the store takes a unit from
+ * [remaining] at every function entry and loop iteration: [remaining] of them pass, and the next traps
+ * with [io.github.charlietap.chasm.runtime.error.InvocationError.FuelExhausted]. Unmetered stores
+ * compile no checks and pay nothing.
+ */
+class Fuel(val metered: Boolean = false) {
+    /** Read and written only by the thread running the store's calls. */
+    var remaining: Long = 0L
+}
diff --git a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Store.kt b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Store.kt
index 2cd5cb029..22b0bd5e0 100644
--- a/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Store.kt
+++ b/runtime/core/src/commonMain/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/runtime/store/Store.kt
@@ -18,4 +18,5 @@ class Store(
     val data: MutableList<DataInstance> = [],
     val program: Program = Program(),
     val heap: WasmHeap = WasmHeap(),
+    val fuel: Fuel = Fuel(),
 )
diff --git a/tools/compiler-baseline/src/main/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/tools/compilerbaseline/CompilerInstructionTagTranslator.kt b/tools/compiler-baseline/src/main/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/tools/compilerbaseline/CompilerInstructionTagTranslator.kt
index 62db7b41f..1931d64fd 100644
--- a/tools/compiler-baseline/src/main/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/tools/compilerbaseline/CompilerInstructionTagTranslator.kt
+++ b/tools/compiler-baseline/src/main/kotlin/io/github/charlietap/chasm/tools/compilerbaseline/CompilerInstructionTagTranslator.kt
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class CompilerInstructionTagTranslator {
         is AdminInstruction.EndFunction -> "admin.end_function"
         is AdminInstruction.CopySlot -> "admin.copy_slot"
         is AdminInstruction.CopySlots -> "admin.copy_slots"
+        AdminInstruction.FuelCheck -> "admin.fuel_check"
         is AdminInstruction.Jump -> "admin.jump"
         is AdminInstruction.JumpCopies -> "admin.jump_copies"
         is AdminInstruction.JumpIfI -> "admin.jump_if.i"