diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/common.py b/src/shacl2code/lang/common.py
index c7486d5b..1c49fa75 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/common.py
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/common.py
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@
 THIS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
 
 
+def prop_is_list(prop):
+    """Whether a property's max_count allows more than one value."""
+    return prop.max_count is None or prop.max_count != 1
+
+
 class OutputFile(object):
     def __init__(self, path):
         self.path = path
@@ -148,6 +153,7 @@ def get_all_named_individuals(cls):
             "get_all_derived": get_all_derived,
             "get_all_named_individuals": get_all_named_individuals,
             "include_file": include_file,
+            "prop_is_list": prop_is_list,
             **self.get_extra_env(),
         }
 
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/cpp.py b/src/shacl2code/lang/cpp.py
index d44955ee..2b311ce7 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/cpp.py
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/cpp.py
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ def parent_cpp_classes(cls, classes):
     return parents
 
 
-def prop_is_list(prop):
-    return prop.max_count is None or prop.max_count != 1
-
-
 def id_str(s):
     return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_]", "_", s)
 
@@ -182,7 +178,6 @@ def suffix(s):
     def get_extra_env(self):
         return {
             "varname": varname,
-            "prop_is_list": prop_is_list,
             "parent_cpp_classes": parent_cpp_classes,
             "macro_prefix": self.macro_prefix,
             "api_def_begin": comment_wrap(textwrap.dedent(f"""\
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/golang.py b/src/shacl2code/lang/golang.py
index a10d11ec..89965ef4 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/golang.py
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/golang.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from .common import JinjaTemplateRender
+from .common import JinjaTemplateRender, prop_is_list
 from .lang import TEMPLATE_DIR, language
 
 GO_KEYWORDS = (
@@ -75,10 +75,6 @@ def prop_name(prop):
     return varname(prop.varname, public=False)
 
 
-def prop_is_list(prop):
-    return prop.max_count is None or prop.max_count != 1
-
-
 def prop_go_type(prop, classes):
     if prop.enum_values:
         return "string"
@@ -276,7 +272,6 @@ def get_extra_env(self):
             "interface_name": interface_name,
             "class_type_var": class_type_var,
             "prop_name": prop_name,
-            "prop_is_list": prop_is_list,
             "prop_go_type": prop_go_type,
             "prop_ctx_name": prop_ctx_name,
             "prop_decode_func": prop_decode_func,
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/python.py b/src/shacl2code/lang/python.py
index 29521e23..cad9f41d 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/python.py
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/python.py
@@ -75,6 +75,19 @@ def varname(*name):
     return name
 
 
+def prop_element_pytype(prop, classes):
+    """Python type of a single element of prop, ignoring container shape.
+
+    Object-reference properties resolve to ``Union[str, 'ClassName']``, since
+    they may be set from either an id string or the referenced object.
+    """
+    if prop.enum_values:
+        return "str"
+    if prop.class_id:
+        return "Union[str, '" + varname(*classes.get(prop.class_id).clsname) + "']"
+    return DATATYPE_PYTHON_TYPES[prop.datatype]
+
+
 @language("python")
 class PythonRender(JinjaTemplateRender):
     """Render Python Language Bindings."""
@@ -144,6 +157,7 @@ def get_file(name):
     def get_extra_env(self):
         return {
             "varname": varname,
+            "prop_element_pytype": prop_element_pytype,
             "DATATYPE_CLASSES": DATATYPE_CLASSES,
             "DATATYPE_PYTHON_TYPES": DATATYPE_PYTHON_TYPES,
         }
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/rust.py b/src/shacl2code/lang/rust.py
index c3e46c7d..4aa5e3e6 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/rust.py
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/rust.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from .common import JinjaTemplateRender
+from .common import JinjaTemplateRender, prop_is_list
 from .lang import TEMPLATE_DIR, language
 
 RUST_KEYWORDS = (
@@ -108,11 +108,6 @@ def prop_field_name(prop):
     return varname(prop.varname)
 
 
-def prop_is_list(prop):
-    """Check if a property is a list."""
-    return prop.max_count is None or prop.max_count != 1
-
-
 def prop_rust_type(prop, classes):
     """Get the Rust type for a property's data type."""
     if prop.enum_values:
@@ -268,7 +263,6 @@ def get_extra_env(self):
             "type_name": type_name,
             "struct_name": struct_name,
             "prop_field_name": prop_field_name,
-            "prop_is_list": prop_is_list,
             "prop_rust_type": prop_rust_type,
             "prop_full_type": prop_full_type,
             "const_name": const_name,
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/_macros.j2 b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/_macros.j2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6fd9691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/_macros.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# SPDX-FileContributor: Arthit Suriyawongkul
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Joshua Watt
+# SPDX-FileType: SOURCE
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+#
+# Shared Jinja macros for the Python templates.
+{% macro class_docstring(comment) %}
+    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
+    {%- for l in comment.split("\n") %}
+    {{ l.rstrip() }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
+{%- endmacro %}
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.py.j2 b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.py.j2
index ea45b3f9..17cae1a3 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.py.j2
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.py.j2
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #! /usr/bin/env python3
-#
+# {%- import "_macros.j2" as pymacros %}
 # {{ disclaimer }}
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: {{ spdx_license }}
@@ -3042,12 +3042,7 @@ class {{ varname(*class.clsname) }}(
 {%- else -%}
     SHACLObject
 {%- endif -%}):
-{%- if class.comment %}
-    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
-    {%- for l in class.comment.split("\n") %}
-    {{ l.rstrip() }}
-    {%- endfor %}
-    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
+{%- if class.comment %}{{ pymacros.class_docstring(class.comment) }}
 {% endif %}
     TYPE: ClassVar[str] = "{{ class._id }}"
     {%- if context.compact_iri(class._id) != class._id %}
@@ -3080,7 +3075,7 @@ class {{ varname(*class.clsname) }}(
     {%- if class.properties %}
     PROPERTIES: ClassVar[List[ClassProp]] = [
     {%- for prop in class.properties %}
-        {%- set is_list = prop.max_count is none or prop.max_count != 1 %}
+        {%- set is_list = prop_is_list(prop) %}
         {%- if prop.comment %}
         {%- for l in prop.comment.split("\n") %}
         #{{ (" " + l).rstrip() }}
diff --git a/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.pyi.j2 b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.pyi.j2
index d257007f..365f41b5 100644
--- a/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.pyi.j2
+++ b/src/shacl2code/lang/templates/python/model.pyi.j2
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # {{ disclaimer }}
-#
+# {%- import "_macros.j2" as pymacros %}
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: {{ spdx_license }}
 """Generated stub for the generated Python bindings."""
 
@@ -412,12 +412,7 @@ class {{ varname(*class.clsname) }}(
 {%- else -%}
     SHACLObject
 {%- endif -%}):
-{%- if class.comment %}
-    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
-    {%- for l in class.comment.split("\n") %}
-    {{ l.rstrip() }}
-    {%- endfor %}
-    {{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}{{ '"' }}
+{%- if class.comment %}{{ pymacros.class_docstring(class.comment) }}
 {% endif %}
     TYPE: ClassVar[str] = "{{ class._id }}"
     {%- if context.compact_iri(class._id) != class._id %}
@@ -458,14 +453,8 @@ class {{ varname(*class.clsname) }}(
         {{ class.id_property }}: Optional[str] = None,
         {%- endif %}
         {%- for prop in class.properties %}
-        {%- set is_list = prop.max_count is none or prop.max_count != 1 %}
-        {%- if prop.enum_values %}
-        {%- set ptype = "str" %}
-        {%- elif prop.class_id %}
-        {%- set ptype = "Union[str, '" ~ varname(*classes.get(prop.class_id).clsname) ~ "']" %}
-        {%- else %}
-        {%- set ptype = DATATYPE_PYTHON_TYPES[prop.datatype] %}
-        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set is_list = prop_is_list(prop) %}
+        {%- set ptype = prop_element_pytype(prop, classes) %}
         {%- if is_list %}
         {{ varname(prop.varname) }}: Optional[Iterable[{{ ptype }}]] = None,
         {%- else %}
@@ -480,14 +469,8 @@ class {{ varname(*class.clsname) }}(
     {{ class.id_property }}: Optional[str]
     {%- endif %}
     {%- for prop in class.properties %}
-        {%- set is_list = prop.max_count is none or prop.max_count != 1 %}
-        {%- if prop.enum_values %}
-        {%- set ptype = "str" %}
-        {%- elif prop.class_id %}
-        {%- set ptype = "Union[str, '" ~ varname(*classes.get(prop.class_id).clsname) ~ "']" %}
-        {%- else %}
-        {%- set ptype = DATATYPE_PYTHON_TYPES[prop.datatype] %}
-        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set is_list = prop_is_list(prop) %}
+        {%- set ptype = prop_element_pytype(prop, classes) %}
         {%- if is_list %}
     @property
     def {{ varname(prop.varname) }}(self) -> ListProxy[{{ ptype }}]: ...