Update Composer dependencies

[kayjoosten]

Goal

Update outdated Composer dependencies (already on PHP 8.5, no runtime bump needed).

What needs to be done

• Run composer outdated --direct, update patch/minor releases
• Review major-version bumps case by case: doctrine/doctrine-bundle (~3.2), doctrine/doctrine-migrations-bundle (~4.0)
• doctrine/annotations is abandoned — evaluate removal
• Full test suite + static analysis green after update