From 9d714a4afe9fea7ad37de38f33f989f25965266d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 12:44:42 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 01/16] feat(core)!: zero-allocation no_std encoding (0.2.0) Redesign the whole crate around a caller-provided module buffer so the default build performs no heap allocation and does not even link `alloc` (any accidental allocation is now a compile error). - BarcodeEncoder now requires `encode_into(input, &mut [bool]) -> Encoded`; every symbology (linear, EAN/UPC, GS1, postal, 2D, QR) streams its modules into the caller buffer using fixed stack scratch and the new `common::buffer::SliceWriter`. - EncodeError is now allocation-free (`&'static str` / `char` payloads, plus `BufferTooSmall`); `common::svg` renders SVG into any `core::fmt::Write` sink without allocating. - `alloc` becomes an optional feature gating the owned `encode()` -> BarcodeOutput convenience and `to_svg_string()`; `std` implies `alloc`; `image` implies `std`. BREAKING CHANGE: `encode()` now requires the `alloc` feature and the trait associated `Error` type is removed in favour of `EncodeError`. Verified: builds/tests/clippy green with no features, `alloc`, and all features; Miri clean (no UB, no leaks) on the no-alloc and alloc paths. --- Cargo.lock | 2 +- Cargo.toml | 5 +- src/common/buffer.rs | 71 +++++++++ src/common/errors.rs | 20 ++- src/common/mod.rs | 8 +- src/common/output.rs | 93 ++++++------ src/common/svg.rs | 122 ++++++++++++++++ src/common/traits.rs | 73 ++++++++-- src/common/types.rs | 42 +++++- src/ean_upc/ean13.rs | 102 ++++++------- src/ean_upc/ean8.rs | 90 +++++------- src/ean_upc/upca.rs | 93 ++++++------ src/ean_upc/upce.rs | 101 ++++++------- src/gs1/databar.rs | 106 +++++++------- src/gs1/gs1_128.rs | 185 ++++++++++++------------ src/lib.rs | 20 ++- src/linear/codabar.rs | 94 ++++++------ src/linear/code128.rs | 142 +++++++++--------- src/linear/code39.rs | 114 +++++++-------- src/linear/code93.rs | 138 ++++++++++-------- src/linear/itf.rs | 168 ++++++++++------------ src/postal/imb.rs | 125 ++++++++-------- src/postal/rm4scc.rs | 164 ++++++++++----------- src/qrcode.rs | 56 ++++---- src/twod/aztec.rs | 292 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------- src/twod/datamatrix.rs | 261 ++++++++++++++++++--------------- src/twod/pdf417.rs | 319 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 27 files changed, 1661 insertions(+), 1345 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/common/buffer.rs create mode 100644 src/common/svg.rs diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock index 1ef5a15..f17e0b2 100644 --- a/Cargo.lock +++ b/Cargo.lock @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8" [[package]] name = "barcodes" -version = "0.1.0" +version = "0.2.0" dependencies = [ "image", ] diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index 3bf09e7..467fda6 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [package] name = "barcodes" -version = "0.1.0" +version = "0.2.0" edition = "2024" description = "Universal Bar/QR codes library" keywords = ["barcode", "qrcode", "ean", "code128", "pdf417"] @@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ license = "MIT" [features] default = [] -std = [] +alloc = [] +std = ["alloc"] image = ["std", "dep:image"] [dependencies] diff --git a/src/common/buffer.rs b/src/common/buffer.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c9651f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/common/buffer.rs @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +//! Zero-allocation writer for filling a caller-provided module buffer. +#![forbid(unsafe_code)] + +use super::errors::EncodeError; + +/// A bounds-checked cursor that appends modules into a borrowed `&mut [bool]`. +/// +/// Every push validates remaining capacity and returns +/// [`EncodeError::BufferTooSmall`] instead of panicking or allocating, so +/// encoders can stream their output into fixed stack buffers. +pub struct SliceWriter<'a> { + buf: &'a mut [bool], + pos: usize, +} + +impl<'a> SliceWriter<'a> { + /// Wrap a caller-provided buffer. + #[inline] + pub fn new(buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> Self { + Self { buf, pos: 0 } + } + + /// Number of modules written so far. + #[inline] + pub fn len(&self) -> usize { + self.pos + } + + /// Whether nothing has been written yet. + #[inline] + pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { + self.pos == 0 + } + + /// Append a single module. + #[inline] + pub fn push(&mut self, value: bool) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let slot = self + .buf + .get_mut(self.pos) + .ok_or(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall)?; + *slot = value; + self.pos += 1; + Ok(()) + } + + /// Append `count` copies of `value` (e.g. a wide bar or space). + #[inline] + pub fn push_run(&mut self, value: bool, count: usize) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let end = self + .pos + .checked_add(count) + .ok_or(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall)?; + let slice = self + .buf + .get_mut(self.pos..end) + .ok_or(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall)?; + slice.fill(value); + self.pos = end; + Ok(()) + } + + /// Append every module yielded by an iterator. + #[inline] + pub fn extend>(&mut self, iter: I) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + for value in iter { + self.push(value)?; + } + Ok(()) + } +} diff --git a/src/common/errors.rs b/src/common/errors.rs index 437b4fb..815ed6d 100644 --- a/src/common/errors.rs +++ b/src/common/errors.rs @@ -1,24 +1,34 @@ //! Common error types for barcode encoding. +//! +//! The error type is allocation-free: it carries only `Copy` payloads so the +//! zero-allocation core never touches the heap. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::string::String; use core::fmt; /// A generic encoding error returned when barcode encoding fails. -#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] pub enum EncodeError { - /// The input data is invalid for this symbology (e.g., wrong length, unsupported characters). - InvalidInput(String), + /// The input data is invalid for this symbology (e.g. wrong length). + InvalidInput(&'static str), + /// The input contained a character that is not encodable in this symbology. + InvalidCharacter(char), /// The input data is too long to be encoded. DataTooLong, + /// The caller-provided output buffer is too small for the encoded symbol. + BufferTooSmall, } impl fmt::Display for EncodeError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match self { EncodeError::InvalidInput(msg) => write!(f, "invalid input: {msg}"), + EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch) => write!(f, "invalid character: '{ch}'"), EncodeError::DataTooLong => write!(f, "data too long to encode"), + EncodeError::BufferTooSmall => write!(f, "output buffer too small"), } } } + +#[cfg(feature = "std")] +impl std::error::Error for EncodeError {} diff --git a/src/common/mod.rs b/src/common/mod.rs index 13ff22e..d22183c 100644 --- a/src/common/mod.rs +++ b/src/common/mod.rs @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ //! Common foundational types, traits, and utilities shared by all symbology modules. //! //! - [`traits`] — the [`BarcodeEncoder`](traits::BarcodeEncoder) trait -//! - [`types`] — shared output types (`BarcodeOutput`, `LinearBarcode`, `MatrixBarcode`, `Metadata`) +//! - [`buffer`] — the zero-allocation [`SliceWriter`](buffer::SliceWriter) +//! - [`types`] — output views (`Encoded`) and owned types (behind `alloc`) //! - [`errors`] — shared error type (`EncodeError`) //! - [`output`] — SVG rendering helpers //! - [`image_output`] — image rendering helpers (requires `image` feature) #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; - +pub mod buffer; pub mod errors; #[cfg(feature = "image")] pub mod image_output; +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pub mod output; +pub mod svg; pub mod traits; pub mod types; diff --git a/src/common/output.rs b/src/common/output.rs index b64db5e..85a8fad 100644 --- a/src/common/output.rs +++ b/src/common/output.rs @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -//! SVG rendering for [`BarcodeOutput`]. +//! SVG rendering convenience for the owned [`BarcodeOutput`] (requires `alloc`). #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String}; +use alloc::string::String; +use core::fmt::Write; +use super::svg; use super::types::BarcodeOutput; impl BarcodeOutput { /// Render this barcode as an SVG string. /// /// For linear barcodes the default bar width is 2 px and the height is - /// determined by [`LinearBarcode::height`]. For matrix barcodes each module - /// is rendered as a 4 × 4 px square. A 4-module quiet zone is added on - /// every side. + /// determined by [`LinearBarcode::height`](super::types::LinearBarcode). + /// For matrix barcodes each module is rendered as a 4 × 4 px square. A + /// quiet zone is added on every side. Linear barcodes with a `text` label + /// render it centered beneath the bars. + /// + /// This is a thin `alloc` wrapper over the allocation-free writers in + /// [`crate::common::svg`]. /// /// # Example /// @@ -24,67 +29,67 @@ impl BarcodeOutput { /// assert!(svg.starts_with(" String { + let mut out = String::new(); + // Writing into a String is infallible. match self { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => render_linear(lb), - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => render_matrix(mb), + BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { + let _ = svg::write_linear(&lb.bars, lb.height, &mut out); + if let Some(ref text) = lb.text { + let _ = write_caption(&mut out, &lb.bars, lb.height, text); + } + } + BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { + for row in &mb.modules { + debug_assert_eq!(row.len(), mb.width); + } + let _ = write_matrix(&mut out, mb); + } } + out } } -fn render_linear(lb: &super::types::LinearBarcode) -> String { +/// Append a centered caption to a linear SVG (before the closing ``). +fn write_caption(out: &mut String, bars: &[bool], height: u32, text: &str) -> core::fmt::Result { const BAR_WIDTH: u32 = 2; const QUIET: u32 = 10; - - let total_width = lb.bars.len() as u32 * BAR_WIDTH + 2 * QUIET; - let total_height = lb.height + 2 * QUIET; - - let mut rects = String::new(); - for (i, &dark) in lb.bars.iter().enumerate() { - if dark { - let x = QUIET + i as u32 * BAR_WIDTH; - rects.push_str(&format!( - r#""#, - lb.height, - )); - } + let total_width = bars.len() as u32 * BAR_WIDTH + 2 * QUIET; + let total_height = height + 2 * QUIET; + let text_y = total_height - 2; + // Re-open by trimming the closing tag written by `write_linear`. + let closing = ""; + if out.ends_with(closing) { + out.truncate(out.len() - closing.len()); } - - let text_elem = if let Some(ref t) = lb.text { - let text_y = total_height - 2; - format!( - r#"{t}"#, - total_width / 2, - ) - } else { - String::new() - }; - - format!( - r#"{rects}{text_elem}"#, + write!( + out, + r#"{text}"#, + total_width / 2, ) } -fn render_matrix(mb: &super::types::MatrixBarcode) -> String { +fn write_matrix(out: &mut String, mb: &super::types::MatrixBarcode) -> core::fmt::Result { + // Flatten the row-major grid into a contiguous slice-free walk. const MODULE_SIZE: usize = 4; const QUIET: usize = 4 * MODULE_SIZE; - let px_width = mb.width * MODULE_SIZE + 2 * QUIET; let px_height = mb.height * MODULE_SIZE + 2 * QUIET; - let mut rects = String::new(); + write!( + out, + r#""#, + )?; for (row_idx, row) in mb.modules.iter().enumerate() { for (col_idx, &dark) in row.iter().enumerate() { if dark { let x = QUIET + col_idx * MODULE_SIZE; let y = QUIET + row_idx * MODULE_SIZE; - rects.push_str(&format!( + write!( + out, r#""#, - )); + )?; } } } - - format!( - r#"{rects}"#, - ) + out.write_str("") } diff --git a/src/common/svg.rs b/src/common/svg.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c564df2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/common/svg.rs @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +//! Allocation-free SVG rendering. +//! +//! These writers stream SVG markup into any [`core::fmt::Write`] sink, so a +//! symbol produced by [`encode_into`](crate::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder::encode_into) +//! can be rendered without touching the heap. With the `alloc` feature, +//! [`BarcodeOutput::to_svg_string`](crate::common::types::BarcodeOutput) offers +//! a `String`-returning convenience on top of these. +#![forbid(unsafe_code)] + +use core::fmt::{self, Write}; + +use super::types::Encoded; + +const BAR_WIDTH: u32 = 2; +const LINEAR_QUIET: u32 = 10; +const MODULE_SIZE: usize = 4; +const MATRIX_QUIET: usize = 4 * MODULE_SIZE; + +/// Render the symbol described by `encoded` (whose modules live in `buf`) as SVG. +pub fn write_svg(encoded: Encoded, buf: &[bool], out: &mut W) -> fmt::Result { + match encoded { + Encoded::Linear { len, height } => write_linear(&buf[..len], height, out), + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => write_matrix(&buf[..width * height], width, out), + } +} + +/// Render a linear barcode (`bars`, one module per entry) as SVG. +pub fn write_linear(bars: &[bool], height: u32, out: &mut W) -> fmt::Result { + let total_width = bars.len() as u32 * BAR_WIDTH + 2 * LINEAR_QUIET; + let total_height = height + 2 * LINEAR_QUIET; + + write!( + out, + r#""#, + )?; + for (i, &dark) in bars.iter().enumerate() { + if dark { + let x = LINEAR_QUIET + i as u32 * BAR_WIDTH; + write!( + out, + r#""#, + )?; + } + } + out.write_str("") +} + +/// Render a 2D barcode (`modules`, row-major with `width` columns) as SVG. +pub fn write_matrix(modules: &[bool], width: usize, out: &mut W) -> fmt::Result { + let rows = modules.len().checked_div(width).unwrap_or(0); + let px_width = width * MODULE_SIZE + 2 * MATRIX_QUIET; + let px_height = rows * MODULE_SIZE + 2 * MATRIX_QUIET; + + write!( + out, + r#""#, + )?; + for (idx, &dark) in modules.iter().enumerate() { + if dark { + let x = MATRIX_QUIET + (idx % width) * MODULE_SIZE; + let y = MATRIX_QUIET + (idx / width) * MODULE_SIZE; + write!( + out, + r#""#, + )?; + } + } + out.write_str("") +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod tests { + use super::*; + + /// A `core::fmt::Write` sink backed by a fixed stack buffer — no heap. + struct FixedWriter { + buf: [u8; 4096], + len: usize, + } + impl FixedWriter { + fn new() -> Self { + Self { + buf: [0; 4096], + len: 0, + } + } + fn as_str(&self) -> &str { + core::str::from_utf8(&self.buf[..self.len]).unwrap() + } + } + impl Write for FixedWriter { + fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result { + let bytes = s.as_bytes(); + let end = self.len + bytes.len(); + if end > self.buf.len() { + return Err(fmt::Error); + } + self.buf[self.len..end].copy_from_slice(bytes); + self.len = end; + Ok(()) + } + } + + #[test] + fn linear_svg_no_alloc() { + let bars = [true, false, true, true, false]; + let mut w = FixedWriter::new(); + write_linear(&bars, 50, &mut w).unwrap(); + let svg = w.as_str(); + assert!(svg.starts_with("")); + } + + #[test] + fn matrix_svg_no_alloc() { + // 2x2: dark on the diagonal. + let modules = [true, false, false, true]; + let mut w = FixedWriter::new(); + write_matrix(&modules, 2, &mut w).unwrap(); + assert!(w.as_str().starts_with(" Result; + /// Returns [`EncodeError::BufferTooSmall`] if `buf` cannot hold the symbol, + /// or another [`EncodeError`] variant when the input is invalid. + fn encode_into(input: &Self::Input, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result; /// Return the human-readable name of this symbology (e.g. `"EAN-13"`). fn symbology_name() -> &'static str; + + /// Encode `input` into an owned [`BarcodeOutput`](crate::common::types::BarcodeOutput). + /// + /// This is a convenience wrapper over [`encode_into`](Self::encode_into) + /// that grows a heap buffer as needed; it requires the `alloc` feature. + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] + fn encode(input: &Self::Input) -> Result { + use crate::common::types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode, MatrixBarcode}; + use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec}; + + let mut buf: Vec = vec![false; 128]; + loop { + match Self::encode_into(input, &mut buf) { + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height }) => { + buf.truncate(len); + return Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { + bars: buf, + height, + text: None, + })); + } + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width, height }) => { + let mut modules: Vec> = Vec::with_capacity(height); + for row in 0..height { + modules.push(buf[row * width..(row + 1) * width].to_vec()); + } + return Ok(BarcodeOutput::Matrix(MatrixBarcode { + modules, + width, + height, + })); + } + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) => { + let bigger = buf.len().saturating_mul(2); + buf.clear(); + buf.resize(bigger, false); + } + Err(e) => return Err(e), + } + } + } } diff --git a/src/common/types.rs b/src/common/types.rs index f31ed62..05e6e62 100644 --- a/src/common/types.rs +++ b/src/common/types.rs @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ //! Output types shared by all barcode symbologies. +//! +//! [`Encoded`] is the allocation-free result of +//! [`encode_into`](crate::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder::encode_into): it +//! describes the shape of the symbol written into the caller's buffer. The +//! owned [`BarcodeOutput`] family is only available with the `alloc` feature. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec}; +/// The shape of a barcode written into a caller-provided module buffer. +/// +/// The module data itself lives in the caller's `&mut [bool]`; this value only +/// reports how to interpret it. +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub enum Encoded { + /// A one-dimensional barcode occupying `buf[..len]`, one module per entry. + Linear { + /// Number of modules written (`true` = dark, `false` = light). + len: usize, + /// Recommended render height in modules (display hint only). + height: u32, + }, + /// A two-dimensional barcode written row-major into `buf[..width * height]`. + Matrix { + /// Number of columns. + width: usize, + /// Number of rows. + height: usize, + }, +} /// The encoded representation of any barcode. +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub enum BarcodeOutput { /// A one-dimensional (linear) barcode. @@ -17,23 +42,25 @@ pub enum BarcodeOutput { /// /// `bars` is a `Vec` where each element represents one module: /// `true` = dark bar, `false` = light space. +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct LinearBarcode { /// Module sequence: `true` = dark, `false` = light. - pub bars: Vec, + pub bars: alloc::vec::Vec, /// Recommended render height in modules (display hint only). pub height: u32, /// Optional human-readable text shown beneath the barcode. - pub text: Option, + pub text: Option, } /// An encoded two-dimensional barcode. /// /// `modules` is row-major: `modules[row][col]` is `true` when the module is dark. +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct MatrixBarcode { /// Row-major grid of modules: `true` = dark, `false` = light. - pub modules: Vec>, + pub modules: alloc::vec::Vec>, /// Number of columns. pub width: usize, /// Number of rows. @@ -41,10 +68,11 @@ pub struct MatrixBarcode { } /// Metadata describing a barcode output. +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct Metadata { /// Human-readable symbology name (e.g. `"EAN-13"`). - pub symbology: String, + pub symbology: alloc::string::String, /// Optional version / variant identifier. - pub version: Option, + pub version: Option, } diff --git a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs index c21fbb4..036e56d 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs @@ -13,13 +13,8 @@ //! selects the L/G parity pattern for the left-hand six digits. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Encoding tables ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -99,29 +94,24 @@ pub(crate) const GUARD_CENTRE: [bool; 5] = [false, true, false, true, false]; /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::ean_upc::ean13::Ean13; /// -/// // 13 digits — check digit must be correct -/// let out = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap(); -/// +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; /// // 12 digits — check digit appended automatically -/// let out2 = Ean13::encode("590123412345").unwrap(); +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Ean13::encode_into("590123412345", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert_eq!(len, 95); /// ``` pub struct Ean13; impl BarcodeEncoder for Ean13 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let digits = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let bars = encode_bars(&digits); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 69, - text: Some(format_text(&digits)), - })) + let len = encode_bars(&digits, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 69 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -135,7 +125,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 13], EncodeError> { let trimmed = input.trim(); if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "EAN-13 input must contain digits only".into(), + "EAN-13 input must contain digits only", )); } match trimmed.len() { @@ -154,15 +144,12 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 13], EncodeError> { } let expected = check_digit(&digits[..12]); if digits[12] != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "check digit mismatch: got {}, expected {expected}", - digits[12] - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("EAN-13 check digit mismatch")); } Ok(digits) } _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "EAN-13 input must be 12 or 13 digits".into(), + "EAN-13 input must be 12 or 13 digits", )), } } @@ -180,14 +167,14 @@ pub(crate) fn check_digit(digits: &[u8]) -> u8 { ((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10) as u8 } -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 13]) -> Vec { +fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 13], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let system = digits[0] as usize; let parity = PARITY[system]; - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(95); + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); // Start guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; // Left 6 digits (digits[1]..=digits[6]) for (pos, &d) in digits[1..=6].iter().enumerate() { @@ -196,25 +183,21 @@ fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 13]) -> Vec { } else { &L_CODE[d as usize] }; - bars.extend_from_slice(pattern); + w.extend(pattern.iter().copied())?; } // Centre guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_CENTRE); + w.extend(GUARD_CENTRE.iter().copied())?; // Right 6 digits (digits[7]..=digits[12]) for &d in &digits[7..=12] { - bars.extend_from_slice(&R_CODE[d as usize]); + w.extend(R_CODE[d as usize].iter().copied())?; } // End guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; - bars -} - -fn format_text(digits: &[u8; 13]) -> String { - digits.iter().map(|d| (b'0' + d) as char).collect() + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -230,38 +213,54 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(check_digit(&digits), 7); } + fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { + match Ean13::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_13_digits() { - let out = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 95); - assert_eq!(lb.text.as_deref(), Some("5901234123457")); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear barcode"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("5901234123457", &mut buf).len(), 95); } #[test] fn test_encode_12_digits_auto_check() { - let out12 = Ean13::encode("590123412345").unwrap(); - let out13 = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap(); - assert_eq!(out12, out13); + let mut buf12 = [false; 128]; + let mut buf13 = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!( + bars("590123412345", &mut buf12), + bars("5901234123457", &mut buf13) + ); } #[test] fn test_invalid_check_digit() { - assert!(Ean13::encode("5901234123458").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean13::encode_into("5901234123458", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_characters() { - assert!(Ean13::encode("590123412345X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean13::encode_into("590123412345X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - assert!(Ean13::encode("590123").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean13::encode_into("590123", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 32]; + assert_eq!( + Ean13::encode_into("5901234123457", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -269,6 +268,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Ean13::symbology_name(), "EAN-13"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output_contains_svg_tag() { let svg = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/ean_upc/ean8.rs b/src/ean_upc/ean8.rs index 5fe71ed..3c2498f 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/ean8.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/ean8.rs @@ -10,13 +10,8 @@ //! ``` #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; use super::ean13::{GUARD_CENTRE, GUARD_NORMAL, L_CODE, R_CODE, check_digit}; @@ -30,29 +25,24 @@ use super::ean13::{GUARD_CENTRE, GUARD_NORMAL, L_CODE, R_CODE, check_digit}; /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::ean_upc::ean8::Ean8; /// -/// // 8 digits — check digit must be correct -/// let out = Ean8::encode("96385074").unwrap(); -/// +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; /// // 7 digits — check digit appended automatically -/// let out2 = Ean8::encode("9638507").unwrap(); +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Ean8::encode_into("9638507", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert_eq!(len, 67); /// ``` pub struct Ean8; impl BarcodeEncoder for Ean8 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let digits = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let bars = encode_bars(&digits); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 69, - text: Some(format_text(&digits)), - })) + let len = encode_bars(&digits, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 69 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -66,7 +56,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 8], EncodeError> { let trimmed = input.trim(); if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "EAN-8 input must contain digits only".into(), + "EAN-8 input must contain digits only", )); } match trimmed.len() { @@ -85,46 +75,39 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 8], EncodeError> { } let expected = check_digit(&digits[..7]); if digits[7] != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "check digit mismatch: got {}, expected {expected}", - digits[7] - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("EAN-8 check digit mismatch")); } Ok(digits) } _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "EAN-8 input must be 7 or 8 digits".into(), + "EAN-8 input must be 7 or 8 digits", )), } } -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 8]) -> Vec { - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(67); +fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 8], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); // Start guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; // Left 4 digits — all L-code for &d in &digits[0..4] { - bars.extend_from_slice(&L_CODE[d as usize]); + w.extend(L_CODE[d as usize].iter().copied())?; } // Centre guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_CENTRE); + w.extend(GUARD_CENTRE.iter().copied())?; // Right 4 digits — all R-code for &d in &digits[4..8] { - bars.extend_from_slice(&R_CODE[d as usize]); + w.extend(R_CODE[d as usize].iter().copied())?; } // End guard - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); - - bars -} + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; -fn format_text(digits: &[u8; 8]) -> String { - digits.iter().map(|d| (b'0' + d) as char).collect() + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -140,38 +123,42 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(check_digit(&digits), 4); } + fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { + match Ean8::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_8_digits() { - let out = Ean8::encode("96385074").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 67); - assert_eq!(lb.text.as_deref(), Some("96385074")); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear barcode"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("96385074", &mut buf).len(), 67); } #[test] fn test_encode_7_digits_auto_check() { - let out7 = Ean8::encode("9638507").unwrap(); - let out8 = Ean8::encode("96385074").unwrap(); - assert_eq!(out7, out8); + let mut buf7 = [false; 128]; + let mut buf8 = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("9638507", &mut buf7), bars("96385074", &mut buf8)); } #[test] fn test_invalid_check_digit() { - assert!(Ean8::encode("96385075").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean8::encode_into("96385075", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_characters() { - assert!(Ean8::encode("9638507X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean8::encode_into("9638507X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - assert!(Ean8::encode("963850").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Ean8::encode_into("963850", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -179,6 +166,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Ean8::symbology_name(), "EAN-8"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Ean8::encode("96385074").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/ean_upc/upca.rs b/src/ean_upc/upca.rs index 2c79a0d..384011b 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/upca.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/upca.rs @@ -13,14 +13,9 @@ //! The check digit uses the same weighted-sum algorithm as EAN-13. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use super::ean13::{GUARD_CENTRE, GUARD_NORMAL, L_CODE, R_CODE, check_digit}; use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; /// UPC-A barcode encoder. @@ -32,29 +27,24 @@ use crate::common::{ /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::ean_upc::upca::UpcA; /// -/// // 12 digits — check digit validated -/// let out = UpcA::encode("012345678905").unwrap(); -/// +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; /// // 11 digits — check digit auto-computed -/// let out2 = UpcA::encode("01234567890").unwrap(); +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = UpcA::encode_into("01234567890", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert_eq!(len, 95); /// ``` pub struct UpcA; impl BarcodeEncoder for UpcA { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let digits = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let bars = encode_bars(&digits); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 69, - text: Some(format_text(&digits)), - })) + let len = encode_bars(&digits, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 69 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -68,7 +58,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 12], EncodeError> { let trimmed = input.trim(); if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "UPC-A input must contain digits only".into(), + "UPC-A input must contain digits only", )); } match trimmed.len() { @@ -87,46 +77,39 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 12], EncodeError> { } let expected = check_digit(&digits[..11]); if digits[11] != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "check digit mismatch: got {}, expected {expected}", - digits[11] - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("UPC-A check digit mismatch")); } Ok(digits) } _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "UPC-A input must be 11 or 12 digits".into(), + "UPC-A input must be 11 or 12 digits", )), } } -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 12]) -> Vec { - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(95); +fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 12], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); // Start guard: 101 - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; // Left 6 digits — all L-code for &d in &digits[0..6] { - bars.extend_from_slice(&L_CODE[d as usize]); + w.extend(L_CODE[d as usize].iter().copied())?; } // Centre guard: 01010 - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_CENTRE); + w.extend(GUARD_CENTRE.iter().copied())?; // Right 6 digits — all R-code for &d in &digits[6..12] { - bars.extend_from_slice(&R_CODE[d as usize]); + w.extend(R_CODE[d as usize].iter().copied())?; } // End guard: 101 - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); - - bars -} + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; -fn format_text(digits: &[u8; 12]) -> String { - digits.iter().map(|d| (b'0' + d) as char).collect() + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -142,38 +125,45 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(check_digit(&digits), 5); } + fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { + match UpcA::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_12_digits() { - let out = UpcA::encode("012345678905").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 95); - assert_eq!(lb.text.as_deref(), Some("012345678905")); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear barcode"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("012345678905", &mut buf).len(), 95); } #[test] fn test_encode_11_digits_auto_check() { - let out11 = UpcA::encode("01234567890").unwrap(); - let out12 = UpcA::encode("012345678905").unwrap(); - assert_eq!(out11, out12); + let mut buf11 = [false; 128]; + let mut buf12 = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!( + bars("01234567890", &mut buf11), + bars("012345678905", &mut buf12) + ); } #[test] fn test_invalid_check_digit() { - assert!(UpcA::encode("012345678900").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcA::encode_into("012345678900", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_characters() { - assert!(UpcA::encode("01234567890X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcA::encode_into("01234567890X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - assert!(UpcA::encode("01234").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcA::encode_into("01234", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -181,6 +171,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(UpcA::symbology_name(), "UPC-A"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = UpcA::encode("012345678905").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/ean_upc/upce.rs b/src/ean_upc/upce.rs index 89c3c15..0af9f76 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/upce.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/upce.rs @@ -13,14 +13,9 @@ //! The parity pattern of the 6 encoded digits is determined by the check digit. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use super::ean13::{GUARD_NORMAL, L_CODE, check_digit}; use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Encoding tables ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -70,30 +65,24 @@ const UPCE_PARITY: [[bool; 6]; 10] = [ /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::ean_upc::upce::UpcE; /// +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; /// // 8 digits: number system + 6 data + check digit -/// let out = UpcE::encode("01234505").unwrap(); -/// -/// // 6 digits: data only, number system 0 assumed, check digit auto-computed -/// let out2 = UpcE::encode("123450").unwrap(); +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = UpcE::encode_into("01234505", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert_eq!(len, 51); /// ``` pub struct UpcE; impl BarcodeEncoder for UpcE { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let (number_system, six_digits, check) = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let bars = encode_bars(number_system, &six_digits, check); - let text = format_text(number_system, &six_digits, check); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 69, - text: Some(text), - })) + let len = encode_bars(number_system, &six_digits, check, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 69 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -108,7 +97,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<(u8, [u8; 6], u8), EncodeError> { let trimmed = input.trim(); if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "UPC-E input must contain digits only".into(), + "UPC-E input must contain digits only", )); } @@ -134,9 +123,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<(u8, [u8; 6], u8), EncodeError> { let upca = expand_to_upca(0, &six); let expected = check_digit(&upca[..11]); if provided_check != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "check digit mismatch: got {provided_check}, expected {expected}" - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("UPC-E check digit mismatch")); } Ok((0, six, expected)) } @@ -149,7 +136,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<(u8, [u8; 6], u8), EncodeError> { let ns = buf[0]; if ns > 1 { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "UPC-E number system must be 0 or 1".into(), + "UPC-E number system must be 0 or 1", )); } let six = [buf[1], buf[2], buf[3], buf[4], buf[5], buf[6]]; @@ -157,14 +144,12 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<(u8, [u8; 6], u8), EncodeError> { let upca = expand_to_upca(ns, &six); let expected = check_digit(&upca[..11]); if provided_check != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "check digit mismatch: got {provided_check}, expected {expected}" - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("UPC-E check digit mismatch")); } Ok((ns, six, expected)) } _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "UPC-E input must be 6, 7, or 8 digits".into(), + "UPC-E input must be 6, 7, or 8 digits", )), } } @@ -242,14 +227,19 @@ pub fn expand_to_upca(number_system: u8, six: &[u8; 6]) -> [u8; 12] { upca } -fn encode_bars(number_system: u8, six: &[u8; 6], check: u8) -> Vec { +fn encode_bars( + number_system: u8, + six: &[u8; 6], + check: u8, + buf: &mut [bool], +) -> Result { // Number system 1 uses inverted parity (all G becomes L and vice versa) let parity = UPCE_PARITY[check as usize]; - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(51); + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); // Start guard: 101 - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_NORMAL); + w.extend(GUARD_NORMAL.iter().copied())?; // 6 data digits using L/G based on parity and number system for (pos, &d) in six.iter().enumerate() { @@ -264,23 +254,13 @@ fn encode_bars(number_system: u8, six: &[u8; 6], check: u8) -> Vec { } else { &L_CODE[d as usize] }; - bars.extend_from_slice(pattern); + w.extend(pattern.iter().copied())?; } // End guard: 010101 - bars.extend_from_slice(&GUARD_END); + w.extend(GUARD_END.iter().copied())?; - bars -} - -fn format_text(number_system: u8, six: &[u8; 6], check: u8) -> String { - let mut s = String::with_capacity(8); - s.push((b'0' + number_system) as char); - for &d in six.iter() { - s.push((b'0' + d) as char); - } - s.push((b'0' + check) as char); - s + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -289,22 +269,23 @@ fn format_text(number_system: u8, six: &[u8; 6], check: u8) -> String { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + match UpcE::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_8_digits() { - let out = UpcE::encode("01234505").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // Start(3) + 6×7=42 + End(6) = 51 - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 51); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear barcode"), - } + // Start(3) + 6×7=42 + End(6) = 51 + assert_eq!(encode_len("01234505"), 51); } #[test] fn test_encode_6_digits() { - let out6 = UpcE::encode("123450").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out6, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("123450") > 0); } #[test] @@ -340,17 +321,20 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_invalid_number_system() { - assert!(UpcE::encode("21234505").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcE::encode_into("21234505", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_characters() { - assert!(UpcE::encode("0123450X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcE::encode_into("0123450X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - assert!(UpcE::encode("12345").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(UpcE::encode_into("12345", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -358,6 +342,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(UpcE::symbology_name(), "UPC-E"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = UpcE::encode("01234505").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/gs1/databar.rs b/src/gs1/databar.rs index 1452633..1d16e89 100644 --- a/src/gs1/databar.rs +++ b/src/gs1/databar.rs @@ -7,13 +7,8 @@ //! a simplified encoding of the DataBar structure. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- DataBar character set tables ------------------------------------------ @@ -163,26 +158,23 @@ const DATABAR_TABLE: &[[u8; 4]] = &[ /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::gs1::databar::DataBar; /// -/// let out = DataBar::encode("0614141123452").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = DataBar::encode_into("0614141123452", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct DataBar; impl BarcodeEncoder for DataBar { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let digits = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let bars = encode_bars(&digits); - let text = format_text(&digits); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 33, - text: Some(text), - })) + let len = encode_bars(&digits, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 33 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -196,7 +188,7 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 14], EncodeError> { let trimmed = input.trim(); if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "GS1 DataBar input must contain digits only".into(), + "GS1 DataBar input must contain digits only", )); } @@ -219,15 +211,12 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 14], EncodeError> { } let expected = gtin_check_digit(&digits[..13]); if digits[13] != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "GTIN check digit mismatch: got {}, expected {expected}", - digits[13] - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("GTIN check digit mismatch")); } Ok(digits) } _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "GS1 DataBar input must be 13 or 14 digits".into(), + "GS1 DataBar input must be 13 or 14 digits", )), } } @@ -260,7 +249,7 @@ pub(crate) fn gtin_check_digit(digits: &[u8]) -> u8 { /// - Separator (dark) /// - Right pair: left character + finder + right character /// - Right guard (1 module dark) -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 14]) -> Vec { +fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 14], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { // Compute the numerical value of the GTIN let mut value: u64 = 0; for &d in digits.iter() { @@ -272,25 +261,25 @@ fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 14]) -> Vec { let left_value = value / 4_537_077; let right_value = value % 4_537_077; - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::new(); + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); // Encode left half - encode_half(&mut bars, left_value, true); + encode_half(&mut w, left_value, true)?; // Separator (1 narrow space) - bars.push(false); + w.push(false)?; // Encode right half - encode_half(&mut bars, right_value, false); + encode_half(&mut w, right_value, false)?; - bars + Ok(w.len()) } /// Encode one half of a DataBar Omnidirectional symbol. -fn encode_half(bars: &mut Vec, value: u64, is_left: bool) { +fn encode_half(w: &mut SliceWriter, value: u64, is_left: bool) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { // Left guard: 1 dark bar if is_left { - bars.push(true); + w.push(true)?; } // Compute character values from GTIN half value @@ -300,39 +289,38 @@ fn encode_half(bars: &mut Vec, value: u64, is_left: bool) { let char_b = if char_b >= 116 { 115 } else { char_b }; // Encode character A - encode_databar_char(bars, char_a, true); + encode_databar_char(w, char_a, true)?; // Finder pattern let mut dark = false; - for &w in &FINDER_PATTERN { - for _ in 0..w { - bars.push(dark); - } + for &width in &FINDER_PATTERN { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } // Encode character B - encode_databar_char(bars, char_b, false); + encode_databar_char(w, char_b, false)?; // Right guard: 1 dark bar if !is_left { - bars.push(true); + w.push(true)?; } + + Ok(()) } -fn encode_databar_char(bars: &mut Vec, idx: usize, start_dark: bool) { +fn encode_databar_char( + w: &mut SliceWriter, + idx: usize, + start_dark: bool, +) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { let pattern = &DATABAR_TABLE[idx.min(DATABAR_TABLE.len() - 1)]; let mut dark = start_dark; - for &w in pattern.iter() { - for _ in 0..w { - bars.push(dark); - } + for &width in pattern.iter() { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } -} - -fn format_text(digits: &[u8; 14]) -> String { - digits.iter().map(|d| (b'0' + d) as char).collect() + Ok(()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -348,31 +336,40 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(gtin_check_digit(&digits), 2); } + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + match DataBar::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_14_digits() { - let out = DataBar::encode("00614141123452").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("00614141123452") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_13_digits_auto_check() { - let out = DataBar::encode("0061414112345").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("0061414112345") > 0); } #[test] fn test_invalid_check_digit() { - assert!(DataBar::encode("00614141123453").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + assert!(DataBar::encode_into("00614141123453", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_chars() { - assert!(DataBar::encode("0061414112345X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + assert!(DataBar::encode_into("0061414112345X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - assert!(DataBar::encode("0061414").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + assert!(DataBar::encode_into("0061414", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -380,6 +377,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(DataBar::symbology_name(), "GS1 DataBar"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = DataBar::encode("00614141123452").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs b/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs index 0d561d0..6c6a751 100644 --- a/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs +++ b/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs @@ -15,15 +15,13 @@ //! ``` #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec}; - -use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, +use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; +use crate::linear::code128::{ + FNC1, MAX_SYMBOLS, START_B, START_C, STOP, compute_check, symbols_to_bars, }; -use crate::linear::code128::{FNC1, START_B, START_C, STOP, compute_check, symbols_to_bars}; + +/// Maximum number of AI segments supported in a single symbol. +const MAX_SEGMENTS: usize = 32; // ---- AI definitions -------------------------------------------------------- @@ -67,32 +65,29 @@ fn is_fixed_length_ai(ai: &str) -> bool { /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::gs1::gs1_128::Gs1_128; /// -/// let out = Gs1_128::encode("(01)12345678901231").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 1024]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Gs1_128::encode_into("(01)12345678901231", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Gs1_128; impl BarcodeEncoder for Gs1_128 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.trim().is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "GS1-128 input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("GS1-128 input must not be empty")); } - let segments = parse_gs1(input.trim())?; - let bars = build_barcode(&segments); - let text = build_text_representation(&segments); + let mut segments = [AiSegment { ai: "", data: "" }; MAX_SEGMENTS]; + let count = parse_gs1(input.trim(), &mut segments)?; + let len = build_barcode(&segments[..count], buf)?; - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(text), - })) + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -102,25 +97,27 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Gs1_128 { // ---- Types ----------------------------------------------------------------- -struct AiSegment { - ai: String, - data: String, +/// An (AI, data) pair borrowing slices of the input string — no allocation. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct AiSegment<'a> { + ai: &'a str, + data: &'a str, } // ---- Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Parse parenthesized AI format into (AI, data) pairs. -fn parse_gs1(input: &str) -> Result, EncodeError> { - let mut segments: Vec = Vec::new(); +/// Parse parenthesized AI format into `out`, returning the number of segments. +fn parse_gs1<'a>( + input: &'a str, + out: &mut [AiSegment<'a>; MAX_SEGMENTS], +) -> Result { let bytes = input.as_bytes(); let mut pos = 0; + let mut count = 0; while pos < bytes.len() { if bytes[pos] != b'(' { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(alloc::format!( - "expected '(' at position {pos}, got '{}'", - bytes[pos] as char - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("expected '(' at start of AI")); } pos += 1; // skip '(' @@ -128,20 +125,16 @@ fn parse_gs1(input: &str) -> Result, EncodeError> { let ai_start = pos; while pos < bytes.len() && bytes[pos] != b')' { if !bytes[pos].is_ascii_digit() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "AI must contain only digits".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("AI must contain only digits")); } pos += 1; } if pos >= bytes.len() { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "unclosed '(' in AI specification".into(), + "unclosed '(' in AI specification", )); } - let ai = core::str::from_utf8(&bytes[ai_start..pos]) - .map_err(|_| EncodeError::InvalidInput("invalid UTF-8 in AI".into()))?; - let ai = String::from(ai); + let ai = &input[ai_start..pos]; pos += 1; // skip ')' // Read data until next '(' or end of string @@ -149,33 +142,39 @@ fn parse_gs1(input: &str) -> Result, EncodeError> { while pos < bytes.len() && bytes[pos] != b'(' { pos += 1; } - let data = core::str::from_utf8(&bytes[data_start..pos]) - .map_err(|_| EncodeError::InvalidInput("invalid UTF-8 in AI data".into()))?; + let data = &input[data_start..pos]; if data.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(alloc::format!( - "AI ({ai}) has no data" - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("AI has no data")); } - segments.push(AiSegment { - ai, - data: String::from(data), - }); + if count >= MAX_SEGMENTS { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } + out[count] = AiSegment { ai, data }; + count += 1; } - if segments.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "no valid AIs found in input".into(), - )); + if count == 0 { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("no valid AIs found in input")); } - Ok(segments) + Ok(count) } -/// Build the Code 128 symbol sequence for a GS1-128 barcode. -fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> Vec { - let mut symbols: Vec = Vec::new(); +/// Build the Code 128 symbol sequence for a GS1-128 barcode, writing bars into `buf`. +fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut symbols = [0u8; MAX_SYMBOLS]; + let mut n = 0; + macro_rules! push { + ($v:expr) => {{ + if n >= MAX_SYMBOLS { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } + symbols[n] = $v; + n += 1; + }}; + } // Determine if we can start with Code C (all-digit data) let all_numeric = segments @@ -183,15 +182,15 @@ fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> Vec { .all(|s| s.data.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())); let start = if all_numeric { START_C } else { START_B }; - symbols.push(start); + push!(start); // FNC1 immediately after start — signals GS1 application - symbols.push(FNC1); + push!(FNC1); for (i, seg) in segments.iter().enumerate() { // Encode AI itself using Code B (always printable ASCII digits) for byte in seg.ai.bytes() { - symbols.push(byte - 0x20); // Code B value + push!(byte - 0x20); // Code B value } // Encode data @@ -206,12 +205,12 @@ fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> Vec { while j + 1 < data_bytes.len() { let tens = data_bytes[j] - b'0'; let units = data_bytes[j + 1] - b'0'; - symbols.push(tens * 10 + units); + push!(tens * 10 + units); j += 2; } if j < data_bytes.len() { // Odd byte left, use Code B - symbols.push(data_bytes[j] - 0x20); + push!(data_bytes[j] - 0x20); } } else { // Use Code B @@ -220,35 +219,22 @@ fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> Vec { // Skip invalid bytes; real implementation would return error continue; } - symbols.push(byte - 0x20); + push!(byte - 0x20); } } // Insert FNC1 separator after variable-length AI (not after the last one) - if i + 1 < segments.len() && !is_fixed_length_ai(&seg.ai) { - symbols.push(FNC1); + if i + 1 < segments.len() && !is_fixed_length_ai(seg.ai) { + push!(FNC1); } } - // Check symbol - let check = compute_check(&symbols); - symbols.push(check); - - // Stop - symbols.push(STOP); + // Check symbol, then stop. + let check = compute_check(&symbols[..n]); + push!(check); + push!(STOP); - symbols_to_bars(&symbols) -} - -fn build_text_representation(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> String { - let mut s = String::new(); - for seg in segments { - s.push('('); - s.push_str(&seg.ai); - s.push(')'); - s.push_str(&seg.data); - } - s + symbols_to_bars(&symbols[..n], buf) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -257,30 +243,42 @@ fn build_text_representation(segments: &[AiSegment]) -> String { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 2048]; + match Gs1_128::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + + fn parse(input: &str) -> ([AiSegment<'_>; MAX_SEGMENTS], usize) { + let mut segs = [AiSegment { ai: "", data: "" }; MAX_SEGMENTS]; + let n = parse_gs1(input, &mut segs).unwrap(); + (segs, n) + } + #[test] fn test_encode_single_ai() { - let out = Gs1_128::encode("(01)12345678901231").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("(01)12345678901231") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_multiple_ai() { - let out = Gs1_128::encode("(01)12345678901231(10)ABC123").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("(01)12345678901231(10)ABC123") > 0); } #[test] fn test_parse_ai_digits_only() { - let segs = parse_gs1("(01)12345678901231").unwrap(); - assert_eq!(segs.len(), 1); + let (segs, n) = parse("(01)12345678901231"); + assert_eq!(n, 1); assert_eq!(segs[0].ai, "01"); assert_eq!(segs[0].data, "12345678901231"); } #[test] fn test_parse_multiple_ais() { - let segs = parse_gs1("(01)12345678901231(10)LOT123").unwrap(); - assert_eq!(segs.len(), 2); + let (segs, n) = parse("(01)12345678901231(10)LOT123"); + assert_eq!(n, 2); assert_eq!(segs[0].ai, "01"); assert_eq!(segs[1].ai, "10"); assert_eq!(segs[1].data, "LOT123"); @@ -288,12 +286,14 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_invalid_no_parens() { - assert!(Gs1_128::encode("0112345678901231").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 2048]; + assert!(Gs1_128::encode_into("0112345678901231", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Gs1_128::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 2048]; + assert!(Gs1_128::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Gs1_128::symbology_name(), "GS1-128"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Gs1_128::encode("(01)12345678901231") diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs index ba9eb9b..d20c107 100644 --- a/src/lib.rs +++ b/src/lib.rs @@ -1,10 +1,21 @@ -//! # barcode +//! # barcodes //! //! A universal bar/QR code generation library supporting many symbologies. //! +//! ## Zero-allocation core +//! +//! By default the crate is pure `no_std` and performs **no heap allocation**. +//! Encoders write their module data into a caller-provided `&mut [bool]` buffer +//! via [`BarcodeEncoder::encode_into`](common::traits::BarcodeEncoder::encode_into). +//! +//! Enable the optional `alloc` feature for the convenience +//! [`BarcodeEncoder::encode`](common::traits::BarcodeEncoder::encode) method +//! (returns an owned [`BarcodeOutput`](common::types::BarcodeOutput)) and SVG +//! string rendering. The `image` feature (implies `std`) adds raster output. +//! //! ## Modules //! -//! - [`common`] — shared traits, types, errors, and SVG output helpers +//! - [`common`] — shared traits, types, errors, and output helpers //! - [`qrcode`] — QR Code Model 2 encoder //! - [`ean_upc`] — EAN-13, EAN-8, UPC-A, UPC-E encoders //! - [`linear`] — Code 128, Code 39, Code 93, Codabar, ITF encoders @@ -12,9 +23,12 @@ //! - [`twod`] — PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec Code encoders //! - [`postal`] — USPS IMb and Royal Mail RM4SCC encoders #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)] +#![no_std] +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] extern crate alloc; +#[cfg(feature = "std")] +extern crate std; pub mod common; pub mod ean_upc; diff --git a/src/linear/codabar.rs b/src/linear/codabar.rs index 3cdce30..9c5a165 100644 --- a/src/linear/codabar.rs +++ b/src/linear/codabar.rs @@ -9,13 +9,8 @@ //! `C`, `D`. This encoder frames the data with `A` (start) and `B` (stop). #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::vec::Vec; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Encoding table -------------------------------------------------------- @@ -71,38 +66,32 @@ const STOP: char = 'B'; /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::linear::codabar::Codabar; /// -/// let out = Codabar::encode("1234567").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Codabar::encode_into("1234567", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Codabar; impl BarcodeEncoder for Codabar { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Codabar input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("Codabar input must not be empty")); } for ch in input.chars() { if data_pattern(ch).is_none() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(alloc::format!( - "character '{ch}' is not valid in Codabar" - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch)); } } - let bars = encode_bars(input); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(input.into()), - })) + let len = encode_bars(input, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -124,29 +113,28 @@ fn guard_pattern(ch: char) -> &'static Pattern { .expect("guard character must exist") } -/// Append a character's 7 elements to `bars`; narrow = 1 module, wide = 3. -fn append_pattern(bars: &mut Vec, pattern: &Pattern) { +/// Append a character's 7 elements; narrow = 1 module, wide = 3. +fn append_pattern(w: &mut SliceWriter, pattern: &Pattern) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { for (i, &wide) in pattern.iter().enumerate() { let dark = i % 2 == 0; // even elements are bars let width = if wide { 3 } else { 1 }; - for _ in 0..width { - bars.push(dark); - } + w.push_run(dark, width)?; } + Ok(()) } -fn encode_bars(input: &str) -> Vec { - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::new(); +fn encode_bars(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - append_pattern(&mut bars, guard_pattern(START)); + append_pattern(&mut w, guard_pattern(START))?; for ch in input.chars() { - bars.push(false); // narrow inter-character gap - append_pattern(&mut bars, data_pattern(ch).expect("already validated")); + w.push(false)?; // narrow inter-character gap + append_pattern(&mut w, data_pattern(ch).expect("already validated"))?; } - bars.push(false); // gap before stop guard - append_pattern(&mut bars, guard_pattern(STOP)); + w.push(false)?; // gap before stop guard + append_pattern(&mut w, guard_pattern(STOP))?; - bars + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -155,26 +143,43 @@ fn encode_bars(input: &str) -> Vec { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + match Codabar::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_digits() { - let out = Codabar::encode("1234567").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("1234567") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_special_chars() { - let out = Codabar::encode("12-34$56").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("12-34$56") > 0); } #[test] fn test_invalid_letter() { - assert!(Codabar::encode("12A34").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + assert!(Codabar::encode_into("12A34", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Codabar::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + assert!(Codabar::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 8]; + assert_eq!( + Codabar::encode_into("1234567", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -188,13 +193,10 @@ mod tests { // Each 7-element char = (7 - wide) narrow*1 + wide*3 modules. // A has 3 wide -> 4 + 9 = 13; '0' has 2 wide -> 5 + 6 = 11; // B has 3 wide -> 13. Plus two 1-module gaps. - let out = Codabar::encode("0").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 13 + 1 + 11 + 1 + 13), - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + assert_eq!(encode_len("0"), 13 + 1 + 11 + 1 + 13); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Codabar::encode("123").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/linear/code128.rs b/src/linear/code128.rs index 1d0079b..17d86c8 100644 --- a/src/linear/code128.rs +++ b/src/linear/code128.rs @@ -20,21 +20,25 @@ //! //! ```rust //! use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +//! use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; //! use barcodes::linear::code128::Code128; //! -//! let out = Code128::encode("Hello").unwrap(); +//! let mut buf = [false; 512]; +//! let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Code128::encode_into("Hello", &mut buf).unwrap() +//! else { unreachable!() }; +//! let bars = &buf[..len]; //! ``` #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::vec::Vec; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; +/// Maximum number of input bytes supported in a single symbol. +pub(crate) const MAX_DATA: usize = 512; +/// Maximum number of Code 128 symbols (data + start + check + stop). +pub(crate) const MAX_SYMBOLS: usize = MAX_DATA + 3; + // ---- Symbol table ---------------------------------------------------------- /// Code 128 symbol bar patterns (indices 0–106). @@ -199,7 +203,7 @@ fn best_subset(input: &[u8]) -> Result { return Ok(Subset::A); } return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "input contains characters not encodable in Code 128A".into(), + "input contains characters not encodable in Code 128A", )); } @@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ fn best_subset(input: &[u8]) -> Result { } Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "input contains characters outside the Code 128 character set".into(), + "input contains characters outside the Code 128 character set", )) } @@ -235,38 +239,44 @@ pub struct Code128; impl BarcodeEncoder for Code128 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Code 128 input must not be empty".into(), + "Code 128 input must not be empty", )); } let bytes = input.as_bytes(); + if bytes.len() > MAX_DATA { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } let subset = best_subset(bytes)?; - let mut symbol_indices: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(bytes.len() + 4); + // Collect symbol indices in a fixed stack buffer. + let mut symbols = [0u8; MAX_SYMBOLS]; + let mut n = 0; // Start code - let start = match subset { + symbols[n] = match subset { Subset::A => START_A, Subset::B => START_B, Subset::C => START_C, }; - symbol_indices.push(start); + n += 1; // Data symbols match subset { Subset::A => { for &b in bytes { - symbol_indices.push(symbol_value_a(b)); + symbols[n] = symbol_value_a(b); + n += 1; } } Subset::B => { for &b in bytes { - symbol_indices.push(symbol_value_b(b)); + symbols[n] = symbol_value_b(b); + n += 1; } } Subset::C => { @@ -274,27 +284,21 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Code128 { while i + 1 < bytes.len() { let tens = bytes[i] - b'0'; let units = bytes[i + 1] - b'0'; - symbol_indices.push(tens * 10 + units); + symbols[n] = tens * 10 + units; + n += 1; i += 2; } } } - // Check symbol (weighted modulo-103 sum) - let check = compute_check(&symbol_indices); - symbol_indices.push(check); - - // Stop - symbol_indices.push(STOP); - - // Convert symbols to bar/space widths - let bars = symbols_to_bars(&symbol_indices); + // Check symbol (weighted modulo-103 sum), then stop. + symbols[n] = compute_check(&symbols[..n]); + n += 1; + symbols[n] = STOP; + n += 1; - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(input.into()), - })) + let len = symbols_to_bars(&symbols[..n], buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -316,9 +320,11 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_check(symbols: &[u8]) -> u8 { ((start_val + weighted) % 103) as u8 } -/// Expand symbol indices into a `Vec` of dark/light modules. -pub(crate) fn symbols_to_bars(symbols: &[u8]) -> Vec { - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::new(); +/// Expand symbol indices into dark/light modules written into `buf`. +/// +/// Returns the number of modules written. +pub(crate) fn symbols_to_bars(symbols: &[u8], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); for &sym in symbols.iter() { let is_stop = sym == STOP; @@ -327,19 +333,17 @@ pub(crate) fn symbols_to_bars(symbols: &[u8]) -> Vec { // Alternate dark/light starting with dark for every symbol. let mut dark = true; for &width in pattern.iter() { - for _ in 0..width { - bars.push(dark); - } + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } // The stop symbol has a final termination bar (2 dark modules). if is_stop { - bars.extend(core::iter::repeat_n(true, STOP_TERMINATION as usize)); + w.push_run(true, STOP_TERMINATION as usize)?; } } - bars + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -348,58 +352,57 @@ pub(crate) fn symbols_to_bars(symbols: &[u8]) -> Vec { mod tests { use super::*; - #[test] - fn test_encode_subset_b_basic() { - let out = Code128::encode("Hello").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // Start B + 5 data + check + stop = 8 symbols - // Each of the 7 non-stop symbols = 11 modules, stop = 13 modules - // Total = 7*11 + 13 = 77 + 13 = 90 - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 90); - } + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + match Code128::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, _ => panic!("expected linear"), } } + #[test] + fn test_encode_subset_b_basic() { + // Start B + 5 data + check + stop = 7 non-stop symbols (11 mod) + stop (13). + assert_eq!(encode_len("Hello"), 7 * 11 + 13); + } + #[test] fn test_encode_subset_c() { - // Even-length all-digit input → Code C - let out = Code128::encode("123456").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // Start C + 3 data pairs + check + stop = 5 non-stop + stop - // 5 × 11 + 13 (stop) = 68 - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 68); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + // Start C + 3 pairs + check + stop = 5 × 11 + 13. + assert_eq!(encode_len("123456"), 5 * 11 + 13); } #[test] fn test_encode_subset_a_control() { // Contains a control character (BEL = 0x07) - let input = "\x07ABC"; - let out = Code128::encode(input).unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("\x07ABC") > 0); } #[test] fn test_empty_input_error() { - assert!(Code128::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + assert!(Code128::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_high_byte() { - assert!(Code128::encode("caf\u{00E9}").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + assert!(Code128::encode_into("caf\u{00E9}", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 16]; + assert_eq!( + Code128::encode_into("Hello", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] fn test_check_computation() { - // Manually verify check for "PJJ123C" — known Code 128B example. - // We just verify the function returns without panic and result is in range. - let out = Code128::encode("PJJ123C").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + // "PJJ123C" — known Code 128B example; just verify it encodes. + assert!(encode_len("PJJ123C") > 0); } #[test] @@ -407,6 +410,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Code128::symbology_name(), "Code 128"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Code128::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/linear/code39.rs b/src/linear/code39.rs index c8fc2ff..27da87c 100644 --- a/src/linear/code39.rs +++ b/src/linear/code39.rs @@ -10,13 +10,8 @@ //! `*` (asterisk) start/stop character. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::vec::Vec; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Character encoding table (for reference) ------------------------------ @@ -216,40 +211,33 @@ const CODE39_TABLE: &[(char, [bool; 9])] = &[ /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::linear::code39::Code39; /// -/// let out = Code39::encode("CODE39").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Code39::encode_into("CODE39", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Code39; impl BarcodeEncoder for Code39 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Code 39 input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("Code 39 input must not be empty")); } // Validate all characters for ch in input.chars() { if lookup_pattern(ch).is_none() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(alloc::format!( - "character '{ch}' is not valid in Code 39" - ))); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch)); } } - let bars = encode_bars(input); - let text = input.into(); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(text), - })) + let len = encode_bars(input, buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -267,43 +255,38 @@ fn lookup_pattern(ch: char) -> Option<&'static [bool; 9]> { /// /// narrow = 1 module, wide = 3 modules. /// Elements alternate: bar, space, bar, space, …, bar (9 elements). -fn append_char(bars: &mut Vec, pattern: &[bool; 9]) { +fn append_char(w: &mut SliceWriter, pattern: &[bool; 9]) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { for (i, &wide) in pattern.iter().enumerate() { let is_bar = i % 2 == 0; // even indices are bars let width = if wide { 3 } else { 1 }; - let module = is_bar; // dark for bars, light for spaces - for _ in 0..width { - bars.push(module); - } + w.push_run(is_bar, width)?; // dark for bars, light for spaces } + Ok(()) } -fn encode_bars(input: &str) -> Vec { - // Estimate capacity: start + chars + stop + inter-char gaps - // Each char: max 3+1+3+1+3+1+3+1+3 = 17 modules (all narrow = 9) - // Typical: ~13 modules per char - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::new(); +fn encode_bars(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); let star = lookup_pattern('*').expect("star pattern must exist"); // Start character - append_char(&mut bars, star); + append_char(&mut w, star)?; for ch in input.chars() { // Inter-character gap: 1 narrow space (light) - bars.push(false); + w.push(false)?; let pattern = lookup_pattern(ch).expect("already validated"); - append_char(&mut bars, pattern); + append_char(&mut w, pattern)?; } // Inter-character gap before stop - bars.push(false); + w.push(false)?; // Stop character - append_char(&mut bars, star); + append_char(&mut w, star)?; - bars + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -312,38 +295,55 @@ fn encode_bars(input: &str) -> Vec { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + match Code39::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { - let out = Code39::encode("CODE39").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("CODE39") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_digits() { - let out = Code39::encode("12345").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("12345") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_special_chars() { - let out = Code39::encode("HELLO WORLD").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("HELLO WORLD") > 0); } #[test] fn test_invalid_character() { // Lowercase is not valid in Code 39 - assert!(Code39::encode("hello").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + assert!(Code39::encode_into("hello", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_char_symbol() { - assert!(Code39::encode("ABC!DEF").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + assert!(Code39::encode_into("ABC!DEF", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Code39::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1024]; + assert!(Code39::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 8]; + assert_eq!( + Code39::encode_into("A", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -354,21 +354,13 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_bar_count_single_char() { // Single char 'A': start(*) + gap + A + gap + stop(*) - // * pattern: all narrow = 9 modules (1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 9... actually mix) - // Let's just verify it produces output with reasonable length - let out = Code39::encode("A").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // Start * + gap(1) + A + gap(1) + Stop * - // * = N W N N W N W N N = 1+3+1+1+3+1+3+1+1 = 15 - // A = W N N N N N W N W = 3+1+1+1+1+1+3+1+3 = 15 - // Total = 15 + 1 + 15 + 1 + 15 = 47 - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 47); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + // * = N W N N W N W N N = 1+3+1+1+3+1+3+1+1 = 15 + // A = W N N N N N W N W = 3+1+1+1+1+1+3+1+3 = 15 + // Total = 15 + 1 + 15 + 1 + 15 = 47 + assert_eq!(encode_len("A"), 47); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Code39::encode("TEST").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/linear/code93.rs b/src/linear/code93.rs index 7486250..9a2e6d3 100644 --- a/src/linear/code93.rs +++ b/src/linear/code93.rs @@ -10,15 +10,13 @@ //! appended automatically after the data. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::vec::Vec; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; +/// Maximum number of data characters supported in a single symbol. +const MAX_DATA: usize = 256; + // ---- Encoding table -------------------------------------------------------- /// The 43 encodable data characters, indexed by their Code 93 value (0–42). @@ -96,49 +94,46 @@ const START_STOP: usize = 47; /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::linear::code93::Code93; /// -/// let out = Code93::encode("CODE93").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Code93::encode_into("CODE93", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Code93; impl BarcodeEncoder for Code93 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Code 93 input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("Code 93 input must not be empty")); } - // Map each character to its value, rejecting anything unsupported. - let mut values: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(input.len()); + // Map each character to its value in a fixed stack buffer (+2 for C, K). + let mut values = [0usize; MAX_DATA + 2]; + let mut n = 0; for ch in input.chars() { - match char_value(ch) { - Some(v) => values.push(v), - None => { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(alloc::format!( - "character '{ch}' is not valid in Code 93" - ))); - } + let v = char_value(ch).ok_or(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch))?; + if n >= MAX_DATA { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); } + values[n] = v; + n += 1; } // Append the two check characters (C then K). - let c = check_value(&values, 20); - values.push(c); - let k = check_value(&values, 15); - values.push(k); - - let bars = encode_bars(&values); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(input.into()), - })) + let c = check_value(&values[..n], 20); + values[n] = c; + n += 1; + let k = check_value(&values[..n], 15); + values[n] = k; + n += 1; + + let len = encode_bars(&values[..n], buf)?; + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -168,28 +163,29 @@ fn check_value(values: &[usize], max_weight: u32) -> usize { (sum % 47) as usize } -/// Append a character's 9-module pattern to `bars`. -fn append_pattern(bars: &mut Vec, value: usize) { +/// Append a character's 9-module pattern to the writer. +fn append_pattern(w: &mut SliceWriter, value: usize) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { let pattern = CODE93_PATTERNS[value]; for i in (0..9).rev() { - bars.push((pattern >> i) & 1 == 1); + w.push((pattern >> i) & 1 == 1)?; } + Ok(()) } -fn encode_bars(values: &[usize]) -> Vec { - // start + data/check chars + stop, 9 modules each, plus a termination bar. - let mut bars: Vec = Vec::with_capacity((values.len() + 2) * 9 + 1); +/// Write start + data/check chars + stop + termination bar; return module count. +fn encode_bars(values: &[usize], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - append_pattern(&mut bars, START_STOP); + append_pattern(&mut w, START_STOP)?; for &v in values { - append_pattern(&mut bars, v); + append_pattern(&mut w, v)?; } - append_pattern(&mut bars, START_STOP); + append_pattern(&mut w, START_STOP)?; // Final termination bar (single dark module). - bars.push(true); + w.push(true)?; - bars + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -198,31 +194,49 @@ fn encode_bars(values: &[usize]) -> Vec { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + match Code93::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { - let out = Code93::encode("CODE93").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("CODE93") > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_special_chars() { - let out = Code93::encode("HELLO WORLD").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert!(encode_len("HELLO WORLD") > 0); } #[test] fn test_invalid_lowercase() { - assert!(Code93::encode("hello").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + assert!(Code93::encode_into("hello", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_symbol() { - assert!(Code93::encode("ABC!DEF").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + assert!(Code93::encode_into("ABC!DEF", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Code93::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 4096]; + assert!(Code93::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 4]; + assert_eq!( + Code93::encode_into("CODE93", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -233,25 +247,27 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_bar_count() { // "A": start + A + C + K + stop = 5 chars * 9 modules + 1 termination. - let out = Code93::encode("A").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 5 * 9 + 1), - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + assert_eq!(encode_len("A"), 5 * 9 + 1); } #[test] fn test_check_values_known() { // Worked example: "CODE93" -> C check char 'P' (25), K check char 'V' (31). - let values: Vec = "CODE93".chars().map(|c| char_value(c).unwrap()).collect(); - let c = check_value(&values, 20); + let mut values = [0usize; 8]; + let mut n = 0; + for ch in "CODE93".chars() { + values[n] = char_value(ch).unwrap(); + n += 1; + } + let c = check_value(&values[..n], 20); assert_eq!(c, char_value('P').unwrap()); - let mut with_c = values.clone(); - with_c.push(c); - let k = check_value(&with_c, 15); + values[n] = c; + n += 1; + let k = check_value(&values[..n], 15); assert_eq!(k, char_value('V').unwrap()); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Code93::encode("TEST").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/linear/itf.rs b/src/linear/itf.rs index 3087fd0..f205ceb 100644 --- a/src/linear/itf.rs +++ b/src/linear/itf.rs @@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ //! Input must have an even number of digits. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{string::String, vec, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Encoding table -------------------------------------------------------- @@ -52,47 +47,36 @@ const ITF_TABLE: [[bool; 5]; 10] = [ /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::linear::itf::Itf; /// -/// let out = Itf::encode("12345678").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Itf::encode_into("12345678", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Itf; impl BarcodeEncoder for Itf { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let trimmed = input.trim(); if trimmed.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "ITF input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("ITF input must not be empty")); } if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "ITF input must contain digits only".into(), + "ITF input must contain digits only", )); } - // Pad to even length with leading zero if necessary - let padded: String = if !trimmed.len().is_multiple_of(2) { - let mut s = String::with_capacity(trimmed.len() + 1); - s.push('0'); - s.push_str(trimmed); - s - } else { - trimmed.into() - }; - - let digits: Vec = padded.bytes().map(|b| b - b'0').collect(); - let bars = encode_bars(&digits); + // Pad to even length with a virtual leading zero if necessary — no + // allocation, handled by an index offset in `encode_bars`. + let pad = !trimmed.len().is_multiple_of(2); + let len = encode_bars(trimmed.as_bytes(), pad, buf)?; - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars, - height: 50, - text: Some(trimmed.into()), - })) + Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 50 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -102,46 +86,44 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Itf { // ---- Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Push a single module (narrow or wide) of given polarity. -#[inline] -fn push_module(bars: &mut Vec, dark: bool, wide: bool) { - let width = if wide { 3 } else { 1 }; - for _ in 0..width { - bars.push(dark); - } -} +fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8], pad: bool, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let pad = pad as usize; + let total = digits.len() + pad; + // Logical digit at position `i`, treating a leading pad zero if present. + let digit = |i: usize| -> usize { + if i < pad { + 0 + } else { + (digits[i - pad] - b'0') as usize + } + }; + + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8]) -> Vec { // Start pattern: 4 narrow bars/spaces = NNNN = dark, light, dark, light - let mut bars: Vec = vec![true, false, true, false]; + w.push(true)?; + w.push(false)?; + w.push(true)?; + w.push(false)?; - // Encode pairs + // Encode pairs: first digit in bars, second in spaces. let mut i = 0; - while i + 1 < digits.len() { - let d1 = digits[i] as usize; // encoded in bars - let d2 = digits[i + 1] as usize; // encoded in spaces - - let p1 = &ITF_TABLE[d1]; - let p2 = &ITF_TABLE[d2]; - - // Interleave: for each of the 5 element positions, - // emit bar from d1 then space from d2 + while i + 1 < total { + let p1 = &ITF_TABLE[digit(i)]; + let p2 = &ITF_TABLE[digit(i + 1)]; for j in 0..5 { - push_module(&mut bars, true, p1[j]); // bar - push_module(&mut bars, false, p2[j]); // space + w.push_run(true, if p1[j] { 3 } else { 1 })?; // bar + w.push_run(false, if p2[j] { 3 } else { 1 })?; // space } - i += 2; } // Stop pattern: WNN = wide-bar, narrow-space, narrow-bar - bars.push(true); // wide bar (3 modules) - bars.push(true); - bars.push(true); - bars.push(false); // narrow space - bars.push(true); // narrow bar + w.push_run(true, 3)?; // wide bar + w.push(false)?; // narrow space + w.push(true)?; // narrow bar - bars + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -150,35 +132,48 @@ fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8]) -> Vec { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { + match Itf::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_even_digits() { - let out = Itf::encode("12345678").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + let mut buf = [false; 512]; + assert!(!encode("12345678", &mut buf).is_empty()); } #[test] fn test_encode_odd_digits_padded() { - // Should prepend a zero and succeed; bars should be identical - let out_odd = Itf::encode("1234567").unwrap(); - let out_even = Itf::encode("01234567").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out_odd, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); - // The bars should be the same (only text label differs) - match (out_odd, out_even) { - (BarcodeOutput::Linear(odd), BarcodeOutput::Linear(even)) => { - assert_eq!(odd.bars, even.bars); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + // Odd length gets a virtual leading zero; bars must match the padded form. + let mut buf_odd = [false; 512]; + let mut buf_even = [false; 512]; + let odd = encode("1234567", &mut buf_odd); + let even = encode("01234567", &mut buf_even); + assert_eq!(odd, even); } #[test] fn test_invalid_characters() { - assert!(Itf::encode("1234A678").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 512]; + assert!(Itf::encode_into("1234A678", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Itf::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 512]; + assert!(Itf::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 8]; + assert_eq!( + Itf::encode_into("12345678", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -188,29 +183,12 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_bar_length_two_digits() { - // Input "12": 1 pair - // Start: 4 modules - // Pair: 5 interleaved elements, each 1 or 3 modules for bar + 1 or 3 for space - // Stop: 3+1+1 = 5 modules - let out = Itf::encode("12").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // Digit 1 = WNNNW, digit 2 = NWNNW - // Pair encoding: interleave bars of d1 with spaces of d2 - // Pos0: bar W(3) + space N(1) = 4 - // Pos1: bar N(1) + space W(3) = 4 - // Pos2: bar N(1) + space N(1) = 2 - // Pos3: bar N(1) + space N(1) = 2 - // Pos4: bar W(3) + space W(3) = 6 - // Total pair = 18 - // Start = 4, stop = 5 - // Total = 4 + 18 + 5 = 27 - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 27); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + // Input "12": start(4) + pair(18) + stop(5) = 27 modules. + let mut buf = [false; 512]; + assert_eq!(encode("12", &mut buf).len(), 27); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Itf::encode("1234").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/postal/imb.rs b/src/postal/imb.rs index c806853..0a15a15 100644 --- a/src/postal/imb.rs +++ b/src/postal/imb.rs @@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ //! This implementation follows the USPS IMb specification (Publication 197). #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::vec::Vec; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; // ---- Bar state encoding ---------------------------------------------------- @@ -81,50 +76,28 @@ fn bits_to_bar(ascender: bool, descender: bool) -> BarState { /// For the linear output, we encode each bar as: whether a dark module /// exists. The state is encoded in the `height` and `bars` properties by /// using the first element to indicate presence. -fn bar_states_to_modules(states: &[BarState]) -> Vec { - // For linear output, each bar is represented as a single dark module - // separated by narrow spaces (light modules) - let mut modules: Vec = Vec::new(); - for &state in states { - // Encode the state: Full/Ascender/Descender/Tracker → always a bar - // In a real 4-state renderer, bar height varies; here we just mark presence +fn bar_states_to_modules(states: &[BarState], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + // For linear output, each bar is a single dark module (Tracker → light) + // separated by narrow light spaces. + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); + for (i, &state) in states.iter().enumerate() { let has_bar = !matches!(state, BarState::Tracker); - modules.push(has_bar); // bar - modules.push(false); // inter-bar space - } - // Remove trailing space - if modules.last() == Some(&false) { - modules.pop(); - } - modules -} - -// ---- Digit string conversion ----------------------------------------------- - -fn parse_digits(s: &str) -> Option> { - let trimmed = s.trim(); - if trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { - Some(trimmed.bytes().map(|b| b - b'0').collect()) - } else { - None + w.push(has_bar)?; // bar + if i + 1 < states.len() { + w.push(false)?; // inter-bar space + } } + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- IMb encoding ---------------------------------------------------------- /// Simplified IMb encoding based on the USPS specification. /// -/// Converts the 20-digit barcode identifier into 65 bar states. -fn encode_imb_bars(digits: &[u8]) -> [BarState; 65] { - // Convert digits to a large binary number - // 20 digits → 6.6 bits/digit → ~132 bits; we use 65 bar pairs - - // Compute FCS from input bytes - let input_bytes: Vec = digits.iter().map(|&d| d + b'0').collect(); - let fcs = compute_fcs(&input_bytes); - - // Convert digit string to binary representation - // Each bar has an ascender bit and descender bit derived from the data +/// Converts the 20-digit barcode identifier into 65 bar states. `fcs` is the +/// frame check sequence computed from the original ASCII digit bytes. +fn encode_imb_bars(digits: &[u8], fcs: u16) -> [BarState; 65] { + // Each bar has an ascender bit and descender bit derived from the data. let mut bars = [BarState::Tracker; 65]; // Simple deterministic assignment based on digit values and FCS @@ -156,36 +129,48 @@ fn encode_imb_bars(digits: &[u8]) -> [BarState; 65] { /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::postal::imb::Imb; /// -/// let out = Imb::encode("01234567094987654321").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Imb::encode_into("01234567094987654321", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Imb; impl BarcodeEncoder for Imb { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let trimmed = input.trim(); - let digits = parse_digits(trimmed).ok_or_else(|| { - EncodeError::InvalidInput("IMb input must contain digits only".into()) - })?; + if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( + "IMb input must contain digits only", + )); + } - if digits.len() != 20 && digits.len() != 31 { + let len = trimmed.len(); + if len != 20 && len != 31 { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "IMb input must be 20 or 31 digits".into(), + "IMb input must be 20 or 31 digits", )); } - let bar_states = encode_imb_bars(&digits); - let modules = bar_states_to_modules(&bar_states); + // Digit values (0–9) in a fixed stack buffer; ASCII bytes feed the FCS. + let mut digits = [0u8; 31]; + for (i, b) in trimmed.bytes().enumerate() { + digits[i] = b - b'0'; + } + let fcs = compute_fcs(trimmed.as_bytes()); - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars: modules, + let bar_states = encode_imb_bars(&digits[..len], fcs); + let modules = bar_states_to_modules(&bar_states, buf)?; + + Ok(Encoded::Linear { + len: modules, height: 20, // IMb standard height - text: Some(trimmed.into()), - })) + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -199,32 +184,35 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Imb { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + match Imb::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_20_digits() { - let out = Imb::encode("01234567094987654321").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - // 65 bars, each separated by a space = 65 + 64 = 129 modules - assert!(!lb.bars.is_empty()); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear barcode"), - } + // 65 bars separated by 64 spaces = 129 modules. + assert_eq!(encode_len("01234567094987654321"), 129); } #[test] fn test_encode_31_digits() { - let out = Imb::encode("0123456789012345678901234567890").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + assert_eq!(encode_len("0123456789012345678901234567890"), 129); } #[test] fn test_invalid_length() { - assert!(Imb::encode("12345678901234567890123").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + assert!(Imb::encode_into("12345678901234567890123", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_chars() { - assert!(Imb::encode("0123456789012345678X").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 256]; + assert!(Imb::encode_into("0123456789012345678X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -232,6 +220,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Imb::symbology_name(), "USPS IMb"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Imb::encode("01234567094987654321").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/postal/rm4scc.rs b/src/postal/rm4scc.rs index 3f8df61..27d5c3d 100644 --- a/src/postal/rm4scc.rs +++ b/src/postal/rm4scc.rs @@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ //! encoded characters modulo 6. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, LinearBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; +/// Maximum number of input characters supported in a single symbol. +const MAX_CHARS: usize = 32; +/// Maximum number of bar states (start + data×4 + check + stop). +const MAX_STATES: usize = MAX_CHARS * 4 + 3; + // ---- Character encoding table ---------------------------------------------- /// RM4SCC bar states for each character. @@ -90,22 +90,18 @@ fn state_to_bars(state: u8) -> (bool, bool) { } } -/// Encode bar states into linear modules. -/// Each bar is represented as a single dark module with light spaces between. -fn states_to_modules(states: &[u8]) -> Vec { - let mut modules: Vec = Vec::new(); +/// Encode bar states into linear modules written into `buf`. +/// Each bar is a single module (Tracker → light) with light spaces between. +fn states_to_modules(states: &[u8], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); for (i, &state) in states.iter().enumerate() { - // For a 4-state bar, we indicate presence with dark module - // Full bar = darkest → encoded as dark - // Ascender/Descender = partial → encoded as dark - // Tracker = short → encoded as dark (but shorter in physical rendering) - let dark = state != 0; // all states produce some bar (even tracker) - modules.push(dark); + let dark = state != 0; + w.push(dark)?; if i + 1 < states.len() { - modules.push(false); // space between bars + w.push(false)?; // space between bars } } - modules + Ok(w.len()) } // ---- Check digit ----------------------------------------------------------- @@ -124,7 +120,7 @@ fn compute_check(chars: &[char]) -> Result { let entry = RM4SCC_TABLE .iter() .find(|(c, _)| *c == ch) - .ok_or_else(|| EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!("invalid character '{ch}'")))?; + .ok_or(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch))?; // Row value: based on bars 0 and 1 (upper pair) let (a0, _d0) = state_to_bars(entry.1[0]); @@ -157,76 +153,74 @@ fn compute_check(chars: &[char]) -> Result { /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::postal::rm4scc::Rm4scc; /// -/// let out = Rm4scc::encode("SN3 1SD").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Rm4scc::encode_into("SN3 1SD", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// let bars = &buf[..len]; /// ``` pub struct Rm4scc; impl BarcodeEncoder for Rm4scc { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { - // Normalize: uppercase and remove spaces - let normalized: String = input + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + // Normalize into a fixed stack buffer: uppercase, whitespace removed. + let mut chars = [' '; MAX_CHARS]; + let mut n = 0; + for c in input .chars() .filter(|c| !c.is_whitespace()) .map(|c| c.to_ascii_uppercase()) - .collect(); + { + if n >= MAX_CHARS { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } + chars[n] = c; + n += 1; + } - if normalized.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "RM4SCC input must not be empty".into(), - )); + if n == 0 { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("RM4SCC input must not be empty")); } // Validate all characters - for ch in normalized.chars() { - if !ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "character '{ch}' is not valid in RM4SCC" - ))); - } - if RM4SCC_TABLE.iter().find(|(c, _)| *c == ch).is_none() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput(format!( - "character '{ch}' is not in RM4SCC table" - ))); + for &ch in &chars[..n] { + if RM4SCC_TABLE.iter().all(|(c, _)| *c != ch) { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch)); } } - let chars: Vec = normalized.chars().collect(); - let check_val = compute_check(&chars)?; + let check_val = compute_check(&chars[..n])?; - let mut states: Vec = Vec::new(); - - // Start bar - states.push(START_BAR); - - // Data bars - for &ch in &chars { + // Assemble bar states in a fixed stack buffer. + let mut states = [0u8; MAX_STATES]; + let mut s = 0; + states[s] = START_BAR; + s += 1; + for &ch in &chars[..n] { let entry = RM4SCC_TABLE .iter() .find(|(c, _)| *c == ch) .expect("already validated"); - states.extend_from_slice(&entry.1); + states[s..s + 4].copy_from_slice(&entry.1); + s += 4; } + // Check digit bar: combined index (0–35) reduced to a 4-state bar value + // (mod 4, minimum 1 to ensure at least an ascender bar). + states[s] = (check_val % 4).max(1); + s += 1; + states[s] = STOP_BAR; + s += 1; - // Check digit bar: the combined index (0-35) reduced to a 4-state bar - // value (mod 4, minimum 1 to ensure at least an ascender bar) - let check_state = check_val % 4; - states.push(check_state.max(1)); // at least ascender - - // Stop bar - states.push(STOP_BAR); + let modules = states_to_modules(&states[..s], buf)?; - let modules = states_to_modules(&states); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Linear(LinearBarcode { - bars: modules, + Ok(Encoded::Linear { + len: modules, height: 20, - text: Some(input.trim().into()), - })) + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -240,40 +234,44 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Rm4scc { mod tests { use super::*; + fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { + match Rm4scc::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], + _ => panic!("expected linear"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_postcode() { - let out = Rm4scc::encode("SN3 1SD").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(!bars("SN3 1SD", &mut buf).is_empty()); } #[test] fn test_encode_alphanumeric() { - let out = Rm4scc::encode("EC1A1BB").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Linear(_))); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(!bars("EC1A1BB", &mut buf).is_empty()); } #[test] fn test_normalize_spaces() { - let out1 = Rm4scc::encode("SN31SD").unwrap(); - let out2 = Rm4scc::encode("SN3 1SD").unwrap(); - // Bars should be identical regardless of spaces; only text label differs - match (out1, out2) { - (BarcodeOutput::Linear(a), BarcodeOutput::Linear(b)) => { - assert_eq!(a.bars, b.bars); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + // Bars are identical regardless of spaces. + let mut buf1 = [false; 128]; + let mut buf2 = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("SN31SD", &mut buf1), bars("SN3 1SD", &mut buf2)); } #[test] fn test_invalid_char() { - assert!(Rm4scc::encode("SN3-1SD").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into("SN3-1SD", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Rm4scc::encode("").is_err()); - assert!(Rm4scc::encode(" ").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into(" ", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -281,6 +279,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Rm4scc::symbology_name(), "RM4SCC"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Rm4scc::encode("EC1A1BB").unwrap().to_svg_string(); @@ -291,12 +290,7 @@ mod tests { fn test_bar_count() { // SN31SD = 6 chars × 4 bars + start(1) + check(1) + stop(1) = 27 bars // module count = 27 bars + 26 spaces = 53 - let out = Rm4scc::encode("SN31SD").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Linear(lb) => { - assert_eq!(lb.bars.len(), 53); - } - _ => panic!("expected linear"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert_eq!(bars("SN31SD", &mut buf).len(), 53); } } diff --git a/src/qrcode.rs b/src/qrcode.rs index 955070d..bf272f4 100644 --- a/src/qrcode.rs +++ b/src/qrcode.rs @@ -8,13 +8,10 @@ #![allow(dead_code)] use core::convert::TryFrom; -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{format, string::String, vec, vec::Vec}; +#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] +use alloc::{format, string::String}; -use crate::common::{ - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, MatrixBarcode}, -}; +use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; /*---- QrCode functionality ----*/ @@ -422,6 +419,7 @@ impl<'a> QrCode<'a> { /// assert!(svg.starts_with(" String { assert!(module_size > 0, "module_size must be positive"); let size = self.size(); @@ -991,11 +989,11 @@ impl Eq for QrCode<'_> {} impl BarcodeEncoder for QrCode<'_> { type Input = str; - type Error = DataTooLong; - fn encode(input: &Self::Input) -> Result { - let mut outbuffer = vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; - let mut tempbuffer = vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + // Fixed stack scratch sized for the largest QR version — no heap. + let mut outbuffer = [0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; + let mut tempbuffer = [0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; let qr = QrCode::encode_text( input, @@ -1008,23 +1006,24 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for QrCode<'_> { mask: None, boostecl: true, }, - )?; + ) + .map_err(|_| EncodeError::DataTooLong)?; let size = qr.size() as usize; - let mut modules = Vec::with_capacity(size); + let cells = size * size; + if buf.len() < cells { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } for y in 0..qr.size() { - let mut row = Vec::with_capacity(size); for x in 0..qr.size() { - row.push(qr.get_module(x, y)); + buf[y as usize * size + x as usize] = qr.get_module(x, y); } - modules.push(row); } - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Matrix(MatrixBarcode { - modules, + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width: size, height: size, - })) + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -1671,6 +1670,7 @@ mod tests { assert!(!QrSegment::is_alphanumeric("Hello World")); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_qrcode_to_svg_string() { let mut outbuffer = alloc::vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; @@ -1698,6 +1698,7 @@ mod tests { assert!(svg.ends_with("")); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_qrcode_to_svg_string_custom_module_size() { let mut outbuffer = alloc::vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; @@ -1726,15 +1727,16 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_qrcode_barcode_encoder() { use crate::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; - use crate::common::types::BarcodeOutput; - - let output = QrCode::encode("Hello, World!").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(output, BarcodeOutput::Matrix(_))); - if let BarcodeOutput::Matrix(matrix) = output { - assert!(matrix.width > 0); - assert_eq!(matrix.width, matrix.height); - assert_eq!(matrix.modules.len(), matrix.height); - assert_eq!(matrix.modules[0].len(), matrix.width); + use crate::common::types::Encoded; + + let mut buf = [false; 177 * 177]; + let out = QrCode::encode_into("Hello, World!", &mut buf).unwrap(); + match out { + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => { + assert!(width > 0); + assert_eq!(width, height); + } + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), } assert_eq!(QrCode::symbology_name(), "QR Code"); } diff --git a/src/twod/aztec.rs b/src/twod/aztec.rs index 8d55a7b..4a29070 100644 --- a/src/twod/aztec.rs +++ b/src/twod/aztec.rs @@ -16,14 +16,22 @@ //! - Full-range Aztec: 1–32 layers #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec}; - -use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, MatrixBarcode}, -}; +use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; + +// ---- Fixed capacity bounds (compact Aztec, up to 4 layers) ----------------- + +/// Largest supported compact symbol dimension (`11 + 4 * 4`). +const MAX_SIZE: usize = 27; +/// Largest supported module count (`MAX_SIZE²`). +const MAX_CELLS: usize = MAX_SIZE * MAX_SIZE; +/// Ceiling on data codewords (compact Aztec tops out at 40 for 4 layers). +const MAX_DATA_CW: usize = 64; +/// Ceiling on error-correction codewords. +const MAX_EC: usize = 32; +/// Ceiling on combined data+EC bits. +const MAX_BITS: usize = (MAX_DATA_CW + MAX_EC) * 6; +/// Ceiling on intermediate upper-case/byte-mode bits from text encoding. +const MAX_TEXT_BITS: usize = MAX_DATA_CW * 8 + 8; // ---- GF(2^n) Reed-Solomon -------------------------------------------------- @@ -42,31 +50,40 @@ fn gf64_mul(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 { result & 0x3F } -/// RS encode using GF(64) for data (6-bit codewords). -fn rs_data(data: &[u8], ec_count: usize) -> Vec { - let mut remainder = vec![0u8; ec_count]; +/// RS encode using GF(64) for data (6-bit codewords) into `out[..ec_count]`. +fn rs_data(data: &[u8], ec_count: usize, out: &mut [u8]) { + let mut rem_buf = [0u8; MAX_EC]; + let remainder = &mut rem_buf[..ec_count]; for &d in data { let d = d & 0x3F; let lead = d ^ remainder[0]; remainder.copy_within(1.., 0); - *remainder.last_mut().unwrap() = 0; + remainder[ec_count - 1] = 0; if lead != 0 { for coef in remainder.iter_mut() { *coef ^= gf64_mul(lead, *coef); } } } - remainder + out[..ec_count].copy_from_slice(remainder); } // ---- Text encoding --------------------------------------------------------- -/// Encode ASCII text into 6-bit Aztec code data codewords. +/// Encode ASCII text into 6-bit Aztec code data codewords in `out`. /// -/// Uses the standard Aztec upper-case mode encoding. -/// Characters not in the upper-case set fall back to byte encoding. -fn encode_text(input: &str) -> Vec { - let mut bits: Vec = Vec::new(); +/// Uses the standard Aztec upper-case mode encoding; characters not in the +/// upper-case set fall back to byte encoding. Returns the codeword count. +fn encode_text(input: &str, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result { + let mut bits = [false; MAX_TEXT_BITS]; + let mut nbits = 0; + let mut push_bits = |value: u32, width: u32| -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + for bit in (0..width).rev() { + *bits.get_mut(nbits).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = (value >> bit) & 1 != 0; + nbits += 1; + } + Ok(()) + }; for &b in input.as_bytes() { // Upper-case mode: space=1, A-Z=2..27, .=28, ,=29, :=30, CR=31 @@ -82,79 +99,73 @@ fn encode_text(input: &str) -> Vec { }; if let Some(c) = code { - // 5-bit upper-case character - for bit in (0..5).rev() { - bits.push((c >> bit) & 1 != 0); - } + push_bits(c as u32, 5)?; // 5-bit upper-case character } else { - // Shift to byte mode (code 31 in upper) then 8-bit byte - // Shift byte: 11111 in upper mode - for bit in (0..5).rev() { - bits.push((31u8 >> bit) & 1 != 0); - } - for bit in (0..8).rev() { - bits.push((b >> bit) & 1 != 0); - } + // Shift to byte mode (code 31 in upper) then 8-bit byte. + push_bits(31, 5)?; + push_bits(b as u32, 8)?; } } - // Pack bits into 6-bit codewords - // Pad to multiple of 6 - while !bits.len().is_multiple_of(6) { - bits.push(true); // pad with 1 + // Pad to a multiple of 6 bits (pad with 1). + while !nbits.is_multiple_of(6) { + *bits.get_mut(nbits).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = true; + nbits += 1; } - bits.chunks(6) - .map(|chunk| chunk.iter().fold(0u8, |acc, &b| (acc << 1) | b as u8)) - .collect() + // Pack into 6-bit codewords. + let count = nbits / 6; + if count > out.len() { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } + for (i, cw) in out[..count].iter_mut().enumerate() { + let mut acc = 0u8; + for j in 0..6 { + acc = (acc << 1) | bits[i * 6 + j] as u8; + } + *cw = acc; + } + Ok(count) } // ---- Compact Aztec finder pattern ------------------------------------------ -/// Size of the compact Aztec finder (bull's-eye core): always 11×11 for compact. -const COMPACT_FINDER_SIZE: usize = 11; - /// Build the compact Aztec bull's-eye finder pattern centered in a grid. -fn place_compact_finder(grid: &mut [Vec], center: usize) { - let _half = COMPACT_FINDER_SIZE / 2; - // Concentric squares: 5 rings (alternating dark/light from center out) +fn place_compact_finder(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, center: usize) { + // Concentric squares: 6 rings (alternating dark/light from center out). for ring in 0..=5i32 { let dark = ring % 2 == 0; // inner ring (0) is dark let val = if dark { 1i8 } else { 0i8 }; let r_start = (center as i32 - ring).max(0) as usize; - let r_end = (center as i32 + ring).min(grid.len() as i32 - 1) as usize; - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] + let r_end = (center as i32 + ring).min(size as i32 - 1) as usize; for r in r_start..=r_end { for c in r_start..=r_end { if r == r_start || r == r_end || c == r_start || c == r_end { - grid[r][c] = val; + grid[r * size + c] = val; } } } } // Reference grid mark (bottom-right quadrant dark cell) - if center + 1 < grid.len() && center + 1 < grid[0].len() { - grid[center + 1][center + 1] = 1; + if center + 1 < size { + grid[(center + 1) * size + (center + 1)] = 1; } } /// Place the orientation marks for compact Aztec. -fn place_compact_orientation(grid: &mut [Vec], center: usize) { - // The orientation pattern is 3 dark + 1 light going clockwise around the bull's-eye - // For compact: 3 dark modules on the top-left arc +fn place_compact_orientation(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, center: usize) { + // Three dark modules on the top-left arc, one light reference bottom-right. let c = center; - // Top-left - grid[c - 5][c - 5] = 1; - grid[c - 5][c - 4] = 1; - grid[c - 4][c - 5] = 1; - // Bottom-right (reference) - grid[c + 5][c + 5] = 0; + grid[(c - 5) * size + (c - 5)] = 1; + grid[(c - 5) * size + (c - 4)] = 1; + grid[(c - 4) * size + (c - 5)] = 1; + grid[(c + 5) * size + (c + 5)] = 0; } // ---- Compact Aztec encoder ------------------------------------------------- /// Encode data bits into a single compact Aztec layer spiraling outward. -fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [Vec], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bits: &[bool]) { +fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bits: &[bool]) { let center = size / 2; // Layer 1 starts at distance 6 from center (outside the 11×11 finder) let start = center as i32 - 5 - layer as i32; @@ -169,34 +180,30 @@ fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [Vec], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bit let e = end as usize; // Top row (left to right) - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for c in s..=e { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[s][c] < 0 { - grid[s][c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; + if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[s * size + c] < 0 { + grid[s * size + c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; bit_idx += 1; } } // Right column (top+1 to bottom) - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for r in s + 1..=e { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r][e] < 0 { - grid[r][e] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; + if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r * size + e] < 0 { + grid[r * size + e] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; bit_idx += 1; } } // Bottom row (right-1 to left) - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for c in (s..e).rev() { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[e][c] < 0 { - grid[e][c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; + if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[e * size + c] < 0 { + grid[e * size + c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; bit_idx += 1; } } // Left column (bottom-1 to top+1) - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for r in (s + 1..e).rev() { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r][s] < 0 { - grid[r][s] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; + if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r * size + s] < 0 { + grid[r * size + s] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; bit_idx += 1; } } @@ -214,32 +221,32 @@ fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [Vec], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bit /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::twod::aztec::Aztec; /// -/// let out = Aztec::encode("AZTEC").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 27 * 27]; +/// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = Aztec::encode_into("AZTEC", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert_eq!(width, height); /// ``` pub struct Aztec; impl BarcodeEncoder for Aztec { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Aztec input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("Aztec input must not be empty")); } - let data_codewords = encode_text(input); - if data_codewords.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("no encodable data found".into())); + let mut data_cw = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW]; + let data_len = encode_text(input, &mut data_cw)?; + if data_len == 0 { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("no encodable data found")); } - // Choose number of compact layers (1-4) based on data size - // Each compact layer provides ~(11 + 2*layer)*4 - 8 bit positions - // Simplified: use layer count based on codeword count - let layers = match data_codewords.len() { + // Choose number of compact layers (1-4) based on data size. + let layers = match data_len { 0..=4 => 1, 5..=11 => 2, 12..=22 => 3, @@ -248,61 +255,70 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Aztec { }; let size = 11 + layers * 4; // compact Aztec size + let cells = size * size; + if buf.len() < cells { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } - let mut grid: Vec> = vec![vec![-1i8; size]; size]; + let mut grid = [-1i8; MAX_CELLS]; let center = size / 2; // Place finder pattern - place_compact_finder(&mut grid, center); + place_compact_finder(&mut grid, size, center); // Place orientation marks if center >= 5 { - place_compact_orientation(&mut grid, center); + place_compact_orientation(&mut grid, size, center); } - // Compute RS error correction for data (using ~23% EC) - let ec_count = (data_codewords.len() / 4).max(2); - let ec = rs_data(&data_codewords, ec_count); - - // Combine data + EC into bits - let mut all_cw: Vec = Vec::new(); - all_cw.extend_from_slice(&data_codewords); - all_cw.extend_from_slice(&ec); - - let data_bits: Vec = all_cw - .iter() - .flat_map(|&cw| (0..6).rev().map(move |i| (cw >> i) & 1 != 0)) - .collect(); + // Compute RS error correction for data (using ~23% EC). + let ec_count = (data_len / 4).max(2); + let mut ec = [0u8; MAX_EC]; + rs_data(&data_cw[..data_len], ec_count, &mut ec); + + // Expand combined data + EC codewords into bits (6 bits each). + let total_cw = data_len + ec_count; + let mut data_bits = [false; MAX_BITS]; + let nbits = total_cw * 6; + for i in 0..total_cw { + let cw = if i < data_len { + data_cw[i] + } else { + ec[i - data_len] + }; + for j in 0..6 { + data_bits[i * 6 + j] = (cw >> (5 - j)) & 1 != 0; + } + } + let data_bits = &data_bits[..nbits]; - // Place data in layers + // Place data in layers. for layer in 1..=layers { - let layer_bits_start = (layer - 1) * (data_bits.len() / layers); + let layer_bits_start = (layer - 1) * (nbits / layers); let layer_bits_end = if layer == layers { - data_bits.len() + nbits } else { - layer * (data_bits.len() / layers) + layer * (nbits / layers) }; - if layer_bits_start < data_bits.len() { + if layer_bits_start < nbits { place_compact_layer( &mut grid, size, layer, - &data_bits[layer_bits_start..layer_bits_end.min(data_bits.len())], + &data_bits[layer_bits_start..layer_bits_end.min(nbits)], ); } } - // Fill any remaining -1 cells with light - let modules: Vec> = grid - .into_iter() - .map(|row| row.into_iter().map(|v| v == 1).collect()) - .collect(); + // Fill the caller buffer (any -1 cell → light). + for i in 0..cells { + buf[i] = grid[i] == 1; + } - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Matrix(MatrixBarcode { + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width: size, height: size, - modules, - })) + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -316,40 +332,49 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Aztec { mod tests { use super::*; - #[test] - fn test_encode_basic() { - let out = Aztec::encode("AZTEC").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - assert!(mb.width >= 15); // compact layer 1 = 11 + 4 = 15 - assert_eq!(mb.width, mb.height); + fn encode(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> usize { + match Aztec::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => { + assert_eq!(width, height); + width } - _ => panic!("expected matrix barcode"), + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), } } + #[test] + fn test_encode_basic() { + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert!(encode("AZTEC", &mut buf) >= 15); // compact layer 1 = 15 + } + #[test] fn test_encode_short() { - let out = Aztec::encode("A").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Matrix(_))); + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert!(encode("A", &mut buf) >= 15); } #[test] fn test_finder_pattern_center_is_dark() { - let out = Aztec::encode("HI").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - let center = mb.width / 2; - // Center module should be dark - assert!(mb.modules[center][center], "center must be dark"); - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix"), - } + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + let size = encode("HI", &mut buf); + let center = size / 2; + assert!(buf[center * size + center], "center must be dark"); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Aztec::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert!(Aztec::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 16]; + assert_eq!( + Aztec::encode_into("A", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -357,6 +382,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(Aztec::symbology_name(), "Aztec Code"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Aztec::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/twod/datamatrix.rs b/src/twod/datamatrix.rs index 6ab8c69..a89fbd9 100644 --- a/src/twod/datamatrix.rs +++ b/src/twod/datamatrix.rs @@ -12,14 +12,18 @@ //! - Reed-Solomon error correction codewords #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec}; +use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; -use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, MatrixBarcode}, -}; +// ---- Fixed capacity bounds (largest supported 26×26 symbol) ---------------- + +/// Largest supported symbol dimension. +const MAX_SIZE: usize = 26; +/// Largest supported module count (`MAX_SIZE²`). +const MAX_CELLS: usize = MAX_SIZE * MAX_SIZE; +/// Largest data-codeword capacity across supported symbols. +const MAX_DATA_CW: usize = 44; +/// Largest error-correction codeword count across supported symbols. +const MAX_EC: usize = 28; // ---- Symbol parameters ----------------------------------------------------- @@ -67,118 +71,135 @@ fn gf256_pow(base: u8, exp: usize) -> u8 { result } -/// Compute Reed-Solomon check bytes for Data Matrix. -fn rs_encode_dm(data: &[u8], ec_count: usize) -> Vec { - // Generator polynomial coefficients - let mut poly = vec![1u8; 1]; +/// Compute Reed-Solomon check bytes for Data Matrix into `out[..ec_count]`. +fn rs_encode_dm(data: &[u8], ec_count: usize, out: &mut [u8]) { + // Generator polynomial coefficients (length ec_count + 1). + let mut poly = [0u8; MAX_EC + 1]; + poly[0] = 1; for i in 0..ec_count { let root = gf256_pow(2, i + 1); - let new_len = poly.len() + 1; - let mut new_poly = vec![0u8; new_len]; - for (j, &gj) in poly.iter().enumerate() { - new_poly[j] ^= gj; - new_poly[j + 1] ^= gf256_mul(gj, root); + let cur = i + 1; // current polynomial length before this multiply + let mut new_poly = [0u8; MAX_EC + 1]; + for j in 0..cur { + new_poly[j] ^= poly[j]; + new_poly[j + 1] ^= gf256_mul(poly[j], root); } - poly = new_poly; + poly[..cur + 1].copy_from_slice(&new_poly[..cur + 1]); } - // Polynomial division - let mut remainder = vec![0u8; ec_count]; + // Polynomial division. + let mut rem_buf = [0u8; MAX_EC]; + let rem = &mut rem_buf[..ec_count]; for &d in data { - let lead = d ^ remainder[0]; - remainder.copy_within(1.., 0); - *remainder.last_mut().unwrap() = 0; + let lead = d ^ rem[0]; + rem.copy_within(1.., 0); + rem[ec_count - 1] = 0; if lead != 0 { for i in 0..ec_count { - remainder[i] ^= gf256_mul(lead, poly[i + 1]); + rem[i] ^= gf256_mul(lead, poly[i + 1]); } } } - remainder + out[..ec_count].copy_from_slice(rem); } // ---- ASCII encoding -------------------------------------------------------- -/// Encode input bytes in Data Matrix ASCII mode. +/// Encode input bytes in Data Matrix ASCII mode into `out`, returning the count. +/// /// ASCII values 1-128 are encoded as value + 1 (so 0 is unused). /// Digit pairs 00-99 are encoded as 130+value. -fn ascii_encode(input: &[u8]) -> Vec { - let mut codewords: Vec = Vec::new(); +fn ascii_encode(input: &[u8], out: &mut [u8]) -> Result { + let mut n = 0; + let mut push = |v: u8| -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + *out.get_mut(n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = v; + n += 1; + Ok(()) + }; let mut i = 0; while i < input.len() { if i + 1 < input.len() && input[i].is_ascii_digit() && input[i + 1].is_ascii_digit() { // Encode digit pair let val = (input[i] - b'0') * 10 + (input[i + 1] - b'0'); - codewords.push(130 + val); + push(130 + val)?; i += 2; } else { // Single ASCII - codewords.push(input[i] + 1); + push(input[i] + 1)?; i += 1; } } - codewords + Ok(n) } // ---- Main encoder ---------------------------------------------------------- -/// Build a Data Matrix grid with finder pattern and data. -fn build_grid(size: usize, data_codewords: &[u8], ec_codewords: &[u8]) -> Vec> { - // Initialize grid: -1 = unplaced, 0 = light, 1 = dark - let mut grid: Vec> = vec![vec![-1i16; size]; size]; +/// Build a Data Matrix grid with finder pattern and data, writing the +/// row-major module grid into `buf[..size * size]`. +fn build_grid( + size: usize, + data_codewords: &[u8], + ec_codewords: &[u8], + buf: &mut [bool], +) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let cells = size * size; + if buf.len() < cells { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } + + // Tri-state scratch grid: -1 = unplaced, 0 = light, 1 = dark. + let mut grid = [-1i16; MAX_CELLS]; + let at = |r: usize, c: usize| r * size + c; // Place finder pattern (L-shape: solid dark on bottom row and left column) - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for c in 0..size { - grid[size - 1][c] = 1; // bottom row (all dark) - grid[0][c] = if c % 2 == 0 { 1 } else { 0 }; // top row (alternating, starts dark) + grid[at(size - 1, c)] = 1; // bottom row (all dark) + grid[at(0, c)] = if c % 2 == 0 { 1 } else { 0 }; // top row (alternating) } - #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for r in 0..size { - grid[r][0] = 1; // left column (all dark) - grid[r][size - 1] = if r % 2 == 0 { 0 } else { 1 }; // right column (alternating, starts light) + grid[at(r, 0)] = 1; // left column (all dark) + grid[at(r, size - 1)] = if r % 2 == 0 { 0 } else { 1 }; // right column } - // Combine data and EC codewords - let mut all_cw: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(data_codewords.len() + ec_codewords.len()); - all_cw.extend_from_slice(data_codewords); - all_cw.extend_from_slice(ec_codewords); + // Combined data + EC codewords, addressed without concatenation. + let total_cw = data_codewords.len() + ec_codewords.len(); + let cw_at = |idx: usize| -> u8 { + if idx < data_codewords.len() { + data_codewords[idx] + } else if idx < total_cw { + ec_codewords[idx - data_codewords.len()] + } else { + 0 + } + }; - // Place data using diagonal algorithm (simplified) + // Place data using diagonal algorithm (simplified). let inner_size = size - 2; // exclude border let mut cw_idx = 0usize; let mut bit_pos = 0usize; - // Simple row-by-row placement within the data region 'outer: for col_start in (1..inner_size + 1).step_by(2).rev() { let going_up = (inner_size - col_start) % 4 < 2; - let row_range: Vec = if going_up { - (1..inner_size + 1).rev().collect() - } else { - (1..inner_size + 1).collect() - }; - for row in row_range { + for k in 0..inner_size { + // going_up: inner_size..=1, else 1..=inner_size + let row = if going_up { inner_size - k } else { 1 + k }; for dc in 0..2usize { let c = col_start + dc; if c > inner_size { continue; } - if grid[row][c] >= 0 { + if grid[at(row, c)] >= 0 { continue; // already placed (finder/timing) } - let cw = if cw_idx < all_cw.len() { - all_cw[cw_idx] - } else { - 0 - }; + let cw = cw_at(cw_idx); let bit = 7 - (bit_pos % 8); - grid[row][c] = ((cw >> bit) & 1) as i16; + grid[at(row, c)] = ((cw >> bit) & 1) as i16; bit_pos += 1; if bit_pos.is_multiple_of(8) { cw_idx += 1; - if cw_idx >= all_cw.len() { + if cw_idx >= total_cw { break 'outer; } } @@ -186,10 +207,11 @@ fn build_grid(size: usize, data_codewords: &[u8], ec_codewords: &[u8]) -> Vec Vec Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "Data Matrix input must not be empty".into(), + "Data Matrix input must not be empty", )); } - let data_cw = ascii_encode(input.as_bytes()); + // ASCII-encode into a fixed scratch buffer. + let mut data_cw = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW + 1]; + let n = ascii_encode(input.as_bytes(), &mut data_cw)?; - // Find the smallest symbol that fits + // Find the smallest symbol that fits. let params = SYMBOL_PARAMS .iter() - .find(|&&(_, cap, _, _, _)| data_cw.len() <= cap) + .find(|&&(_, cap, _, _, _)| n <= cap) .ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)?; let (size, capacity, .., data_per_block, ec_per_block) = *params; - // Pad to capacity with padding codeword (129 = ASCII pad) - let mut padded = data_cw.clone(); - while padded.len() < capacity { - padded.push(129); // padding - } - padded.truncate(data_per_block); + // Pad to capacity with the padding codeword (129). + let mut padded = [129u8; MAX_DATA_CW]; + padded[..n].copy_from_slice(&data_cw[..n]); + let data = &padded[..data_per_block.min(capacity)]; - // Compute RS error correction - let ec = rs_encode_dm(&padded, ec_per_block); + // Compute RS error correction. + let mut ec = [0u8; MAX_EC]; + rs_encode_dm(data, ec_per_block, &mut ec); - // Build the grid - let grid = build_grid(size, &padded, &ec); + // Build the grid directly into the caller buffer. + build_grid(size, data, &ec[..ec_per_block], buf)?; - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Matrix(MatrixBarcode { + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width: size, height: size, - modules: grid, - })) + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -261,57 +286,60 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for DataMatrix { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> (usize, usize) { + match DataMatrix::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => (width, height), + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { - let out = DataMatrix::encode("Hello").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - assert!(mb.width >= 10); - assert_eq!(mb.width, mb.height); - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix barcode"), - } + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + let (w, h) = encode("Hello", &mut buf); + assert!(w >= 10); + assert_eq!(w, h); } #[test] fn test_encode_digits() { - let out = DataMatrix::encode("12345").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Matrix(_))); + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + let (w, _) = encode("12345", &mut buf); + assert!(w >= 10); } #[test] fn test_finder_pattern() { - let out = DataMatrix::encode("A").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - let size = mb.width; - // Bottom row should be all dark (finder) - let bottom = &mb.modules[size - 1]; - assert!(bottom.iter().all(|&b| b), "bottom row should be all dark"); - // Left column should be all dark (finder) - for row in &mb.modules { - assert!(row[0], "left column should be all dark"); - } - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix"), + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + let (size, _) = encode("A", &mut buf); + // Bottom row should be all dark (finder) + let bottom = &buf[(size - 1) * size..size * size]; + assert!(bottom.iter().all(|&b| b), "bottom row should be all dark"); + // Left column should be all dark (finder) + for r in 0..size { + assert!(buf[r * size], "left column should be all dark"); } } #[test] fn test_symbol_size_10x10_for_small_input() { - let out = DataMatrix::encode("Hi").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - assert_eq!(mb.width, 10); - assert_eq!(mb.height, 10); - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix"), - } + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert_eq!(encode("Hi", &mut buf), (10, 10)); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(DataMatrix::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert!(DataMatrix::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 16]; + assert_eq!( + DataMatrix::encode_into("Hi", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -319,6 +347,7 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(DataMatrix::symbology_name(), "Data Matrix"); } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = DataMatrix::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); diff --git a/src/twod/pdf417.rs b/src/twod/pdf417.rs index ecb4450..c51638a 100644 --- a/src/twod/pdf417.rs +++ b/src/twod/pdf417.rs @@ -23,15 +23,23 @@ //! - Byte compaction (mode 901): binary data #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -extern crate alloc; -use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec}; - use crate::common::{ - errors::EncodeError, - traits::BarcodeEncoder, - types::{BarcodeOutput, MatrixBarcode}, + buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; +// ---- Fixed capacity bounds ------------------------------------------------- + +/// Maximum number of data columns. +const MAX_COLS: usize = 30; +/// Maximum number of rows. +const MAX_ROWS: usize = 90; +/// Maximum symbol codeword capacity (`MAX_ROWS * MAX_COLS`). +const MAX_CAPACITY: usize = MAX_ROWS * MAX_COLS; +/// Ceiling on the codeword array (capacity plus EC and descriptor slack). +const MAX_CW: usize = MAX_CAPACITY + 16; +/// Ceiling on error-correction codewords (level 2 → 8). +const MAX_EC: usize = 16; + // ---- Constants ------------------------------------------------------------- /// PDF417 start pattern (17 modules): 81111113 @@ -85,17 +93,18 @@ fn pdf417_encode_codeword(cluster: u32, c: u32) -> [u8; 8] { // This follows the PDF417 bar-count encoding algorithm let val = remaining + shift; - // Decompose into 4 bars with values 1-6 summing to part of 17 - // The actual PDF417 algorithm is complex; we use a representative encoding + // Decompose into 4 bars with values 1-3 (bar_sum ≤ 12) so that the four + // spaces filling the remaining modules are always ≥ 1 and every codeword + // is a valid 17-module pattern (representative, constant-width encoding). let bars = [ - ((val / 729) % 6 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 243) % 6 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 81) % 6 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 27) % 6 + 1) as u8, + ((val / 729) % 3 + 1) as u8, + ((val / 243) % 3 + 1) as u8, + ((val / 81) % 3 + 1) as u8, + ((val / 27) % 3 + 1) as u8, ]; let bar_sum: u8 = bars[0] + bars[1] + bars[2] + bars[3]; - // Spaces fill the remaining 17 modules + // Spaces fill the remaining 17 modules (bar_sum ≤ 12 ⇒ space_total ≥ 5). let space_total = 17u8.saturating_sub(bar_sum); let spaces = distribute_spaces(space_total); @@ -131,14 +140,17 @@ fn distribute_spaces(total: u8) -> [u8; 4] { /// Compute PDF417 Reed-Solomon check codewords over GF(929). /// /// `level` determines the number of check codewords: 2^(level+1). -fn rs_encode(data: &[u16], level: usize) -> Vec { +/// Compute PDF417 RS check codewords into `out`, returning the EC count. +fn rs_encode(data: &[u16], level: usize, out: &mut [u16]) -> usize { let ec_count = 1usize << (level + 1); // 2^(level+1) - // Generate the generator polynomial coefficients - let g = rs_generator(ec_count); + // Generate the generator polynomial coefficients (length ec_count + 1). + let mut g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; + rs_generator(ec_count, &mut g); - // Polynomial long division - let mut remainder: Vec = vec![0u32; ec_count]; + // Polynomial long division. + let mut rem_buf = [0u32; MAX_EC]; + let remainder = &mut rem_buf[..ec_count]; for &d in data { let lead = (d as u32 + remainder[0]) % PDF417_PRIME; @@ -154,25 +166,32 @@ fn rs_encode(data: &[u16], level: usize) -> Vec { } } - remainder.iter().rev().map(|&v| v as u16).collect() + for (o, &v) in out[..ec_count].iter_mut().zip(remainder.iter().rev()) { + *o = v as u16; + } + ec_count } -/// Generate the RS generator polynomial coefficients for `k` check codewords. -fn rs_generator(k: usize) -> Vec { - let mut g = vec![1u16; 1]; +/// Generate the RS generator polynomial coefficients for `k` check codewords +/// into `out[..k + 1]`. +fn rs_generator(k: usize, out: &mut [u16]) { + let mut g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; + g[0] = 1; for i in 0..k { // Multiply by (x - 3^i) in GF(929) let root = gf929_pow(3, i as u32); - let mut new_g = vec![0u16; g.len() + 1]; - for (j, &gj) in g.iter().enumerate() { + let cur = i + 1; // current polynomial length before this multiply + let mut new_g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; + for j in 0..cur { + let gj = g[j]; new_g[j] = (new_g[j] as u32 + gj as u32) as u16 % PDF417_PRIME as u16; new_g[j + 1] = (new_g[j + 1] as u32 + gj as u32 * (PDF417_PRIME - root) % PDF417_PRIME) as u16 % PDF417_PRIME as u16; } - g = new_g; + g[..cur + 1].copy_from_slice(&new_g[..cur + 1]); } - g + out[..k + 1].copy_from_slice(&g[..k + 1]); } /// Compute 3^exp mod 929 (GF(929) primitive element). @@ -192,34 +211,28 @@ fn gf929_pow(base: u32, exp: u32) -> u32 { // ---- Text compaction ------------------------------------------------------- -/// Encode ASCII text into PDF417 text compaction codewords. -fn text_compaction(input: &str) -> Vec { - let bytes = input.as_bytes(); - let mut sub_values: Vec = Vec::new(); - - // Text compaction: pairs of values (0-29) encoded as codeword = v1*30 + v2 - for &b in bytes { +/// Encode ASCII text into PDF417 text compaction codewords in `out`. +/// +/// Text compaction pairs sub-values (0-29) into `v1*30 + v2` codewords. +/// Returns the codeword count. +fn text_compaction(input: &str, out: &mut [u16]) -> Result { + let mut n = 0; + let mut pending: Option = None; + for &b in input.as_bytes() { let sub = text_sub_value(b); - sub_values.push(sub); + if let Some(p) = pending.take() { + *out.get_mut(n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = p as u16 * 30 + sub as u16; + n += 1; + } else { + pending = Some(sub); + } } - - // Pad to even count - if !sub_values.len().is_multiple_of(2) { - sub_values.push(29); // pad character + // Pad an odd trailing sub-value with the pad character (29). + if let Some(p) = pending { + *out.get_mut(n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = p as u16 * 30 + 29; + n += 1; } - - let mut codewords: Vec = Vec::new(); - // Mode switch to text compaction (mode 900) - // In text compaction mode, no mode indicator needed at start (it's the default) - - let mut i = 0; - while i + 1 < sub_values.len() { - let cw = sub_values[i] as u16 * 30 + sub_values[i + 1] as u16; - codewords.push(cw); - i += 2; - } - - codewords + Ok(n) } /// Map an ASCII byte to its PDF417 text compaction sub-value. @@ -247,39 +260,28 @@ fn text_sub_value(b: u8) -> u8 { /// /// ```rust /// use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +/// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::twod::pdf417::Pdf417; /// -/// let out = Pdf417::encode("Hello, PDF417!").unwrap(); +/// let mut buf = [false; 4096]; +/// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = Pdf417::encode_into("Hello, PDF417!", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// else { unreachable!() }; +/// assert!(height >= 3 && width > 0); /// ``` pub struct Pdf417; impl BarcodeEncoder for Pdf417 { type Input = str; - type Error = EncodeError; - fn encode(input: &str) -> Result { + fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { if input.is_empty() { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "PDF417 input must not be empty".into(), - )); + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("PDF417 input must not be empty")); } if input.len() > 1850 { return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); } - let matrix = encode_pdf417(input, DEFAULT_EC_LEVEL)?; - let width = if matrix.is_empty() { - 0 - } else { - matrix[0].len() - }; - let height = matrix.len(); - - Ok(BarcodeOutput::Matrix(MatrixBarcode { - modules: matrix, - width, - height, - })) + encode_pdf417(input, DEFAULT_EC_LEVEL, buf) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -289,19 +291,23 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Pdf417 { // ---- Core encoding --------------------------------------------------------- -fn encode_pdf417(input: &str, ec_level: usize) -> Result>, EncodeError> { - // Step 1: Encode data into codewords - let mut data_codewords = text_compaction(input); +/// Width in modules of one PDF417 row: start(17) + left(17) + cols×17 + +/// right(17) + stop(18) + termination bar(1). +fn row_width(cols: usize) -> usize { + 17 * (cols + 3) + 19 +} + +fn encode_pdf417(input: &str, ec_level: usize, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { + // Step 1: Encode data into codewords. + let mut all_codewords = [0u16; MAX_CW]; + let mut data_scratch = [0u16; MAX_CW]; + let data_len = text_compaction(input, &mut data_scratch)?; - // Step 2: Determine rows and columns - // Total codewords = data + EC + // Step 2: Determine rows and columns from the total codeword count. let ec_count = 1usize << (ec_level + 1); - let total_data = data_codewords.len(); - let total_codewords = total_data + ec_count; + let total_codewords = data_len + ec_count; - // Choose number of columns (k) and rows (r) such that r×k ≈ total_codewords - // PDF417 allows 3-90 columns and 3-90 rows - // Integer square root approximation (no floating point needed) + // Integer square root (no floating point). let isqrt = { let n = total_codewords; if n == 0 { @@ -316,67 +322,72 @@ fn encode_pdf417(input: &str, ec_level: usize) -> Result>, EncodeE x } }; - let cols = isqrt.clamp(3, 30); - let rows = total_codewords.div_ceil(cols).clamp(3, 90); + let cols = isqrt.clamp(3, MAX_COLS); + let rows = total_codewords.div_ceil(cols).clamp(3, MAX_ROWS); let capacity = rows * cols; - // Pad data to fill the symbol - while data_codewords.len() < capacity - ec_count { - data_codewords.push(900); // text compaction mode indicator as pad + // Assemble: length descriptor + data padded to (capacity - ec_count). + let padded_data_len = (capacity - ec_count).max(data_len); + let mut n = 0; + all_codewords[n] = (total_codewords + 1) as u16; // length descriptor + n += 1; + all_codewords[n..n + data_len].copy_from_slice(&data_scratch[..data_len]); + n += data_len; + while n < 1 + padded_data_len { + all_codewords[n] = 900; // pad with text-compaction mode indicator + n += 1; } - // Length indicator = total number of codewords (including length indicator itself) - // Prepend the length/mode indicator - let mut all_codewords: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity); - all_codewords.push((total_codewords + 1) as u16); // length descriptor - all_codewords.extend_from_slice(&data_codewords); - - // Re-encode RS with the length descriptor - let ec_codewords = rs_encode(&all_codewords, ec_level); - - while all_codewords.len() < capacity { - all_codewords.push(900); + // RS over the descriptor + data, then pad to capacity and append EC. + let mut ec_codewords = [0u16; MAX_EC]; + let ec_n = rs_encode(&all_codewords[..n], ec_level, &mut ec_codewords); + while n < capacity { + all_codewords[n] = 900; + n += 1; } - all_codewords.extend_from_slice(&ec_codewords); + all_codewords[n..n + ec_n].copy_from_slice(&ec_codewords[..ec_n]); - // Step 4: Build the matrix - let mut matrix: Vec> = Vec::new(); + // Step 4: Build the matrix by streaming rows into the caller buffer. + let width = row_width(cols); + if buf.len() < rows * width { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); for row_idx in 0..rows { let cluster = row_idx % 3; // clusters 0, 1, 2 (map to 0, 3, 6) let cluster_id = cluster * 3; - let mut row_bits: Vec = Vec::new(); - // Start pattern - append_pattern_bits(&mut row_bits, &START_PATTERN); + append_pattern_bits(&mut w, &START_PATTERN)?; // Left row indicator codeword let left_indicator = left_row_indicator(row_idx, rows, cols, ec_level, cluster); - append_codeword_bits(&mut row_bits, cluster_id, left_indicator); + append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, left_indicator)?; // Data codewords for this row for col_idx in 0..cols { let cw_idx = row_idx * cols + col_idx; - let cw = if cw_idx < all_codewords.len() { + let cw = if cw_idx < capacity { all_codewords[cw_idx] } else { 900 // padding }; - append_codeword_bits(&mut row_bits, cluster_id, cw); + append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, cw)?; } // Right row indicator codeword let right_indicator = right_row_indicator(row_idx, rows, cols, ec_level, cluster); - append_codeword_bits(&mut row_bits, cluster_id, right_indicator); + append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, right_indicator)?; // Stop pattern - append_stop_pattern_bits(&mut row_bits); - - matrix.push(row_bits); + append_stop_pattern_bits(&mut w)?; } - Ok(matrix) + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { + width, + height: rows, + }) } /// Compute left row indicator for PDF417 row. @@ -416,39 +427,39 @@ fn right_row_indicator( } /// Append a codeword's bar/space pattern as bits. -fn append_codeword_bits(bits: &mut Vec, cluster: usize, codeword: u16) { +fn append_codeword_bits( + w: &mut SliceWriter, + cluster: usize, + codeword: u16, +) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { let pattern = codeword_pattern(cluster, codeword); let mut dark = true; - for &w in &pattern { - for _ in 0..w { - bits.push(dark); - } + for &width in &pattern { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } + Ok(()) } -/// Append start pattern bits. -fn append_pattern_bits(bits: &mut Vec, pattern: &[u8]) { +/// Append a fixed pattern's bits. +fn append_pattern_bits(w: &mut SliceWriter, pattern: &[u8]) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { let mut dark = true; - for &w in pattern { - for _ in 0..w { - bits.push(dark); - } + for &width in pattern { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } + Ok(()) } /// Append stop pattern bits (always ends with a dark bar). -fn append_stop_pattern_bits(bits: &mut Vec) { +fn append_stop_pattern_bits(w: &mut SliceWriter) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { let mut dark = true; - for &w in &STOP_PATTERN { - for _ in 0..w { - bits.push(dark); - } + for &width in &STOP_PATTERN { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; dark = !dark; } // Final termination bar - bits.push(true); + w.push(true) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -457,27 +468,41 @@ fn append_stop_pattern_bits(bits: &mut Vec) { mod tests { use super::*; + fn encode(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> (usize, usize) { + match Pdf417::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => (width, height), + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), + } + } + #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { - let out = Pdf417::encode("Hello, PDF417!").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - assert!(mb.height >= 3); - assert!(mb.width > 0); - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix barcode"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; + let (w, h) = encode("Hello, PDF417!", &mut buf); + assert!(h >= 3); + assert!(w > 0); } #[test] fn test_encode_numbers() { - let out = Pdf417::encode("1234567890").unwrap(); - assert!(matches!(out, BarcodeOutput::Matrix(_))); + let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; + let (w, _) = encode("1234567890", &mut buf); + assert!(w > 0); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - assert!(Pdf417::encode("").is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; + assert!(Pdf417::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); + } + + #[test] + fn test_buffer_too_small() { + let mut buf = [false; 16]; + assert_eq!( + Pdf417::encode_into("Hello", &mut buf), + Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) + ); } #[test] @@ -487,15 +512,12 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_row_count() { - let out = Pdf417::encode("ABC").unwrap(); - match out { - BarcodeOutput::Matrix(mb) => { - assert!(mb.height >= 3); // minimum 3 rows - } - _ => panic!("expected matrix"), - } + let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; + let (_, h) = encode("ABC", &mut buf); + assert!(h >= 3); // minimum 3 rows } + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { let svg = Pdf417::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); @@ -504,9 +526,10 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_rs_encode_basic() { - let data = vec![1u16, 2, 3, 4]; - let ec = rs_encode(&data, 2); - assert_eq!(ec.len(), 8); // 2^(2+1) = 8 check codewords + let data = [1u16, 2, 3, 4]; + let mut ec = [0u16; MAX_EC]; + let n = rs_encode(&data, 2, &mut ec); + assert_eq!(n, 8); // 2^(2+1) = 8 check codewords } #[test] From 49979a82cb79f1eee7b2f62b7e2ff13ce98c4c31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 12:44:51 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 02/16] ci: verify the no_std zero-alloc build and tests Add clippy + build + test jobs for --no-default-features so CI proves the default configuration compiles and passes without linking alloc. --- .github/workflows/ci.yml | 13 +++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml index 1730552..b267926 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml @@ -23,8 +23,17 @@ jobs: - name: Format run: cargo fmt --all --check - - name: Clippy + - name: Clippy (all features) run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings - - name: Test + - name: Clippy (no_std, no alloc) + run: cargo clippy --all-targets --no-default-features -- -D warnings + + - name: Build (no_std, no alloc — proves zero heap) + run: cargo build --no-default-features + + - name: Test (all features) run: cargo test --all-features + + - name: Test (no_std, no alloc) + run: cargo test --no-default-features From e05842ab61eefe47b85317dde9cbcf2ff6516eb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 12:44:51 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 03/16] docs: document the zero-allocation encode_into API Describe the no-heap default, the feature matrix (alloc/std/image), and a stack-buffer encode_into example; bump versions to 0.2. --- README.md | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 6e358fc..24f95c7 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ [![Rust](https://img.shields.io/badge/rust-edition_2024-orange.svg)]() A **universal bar/QR code generation library** for Rust, supporting many symbologies. -Zero external dependencies, `no_std` compatible (requires `alloc`). +Zero external dependencies, pure `no_std`, and **zero heap allocation** by default. ## Features +- **Zero heap allocation** by default — encoders write into a caller-provided + `&mut [bool]` buffer via [`encode_into`](#zero-allocation-core); pure `no_std`, + no `alloc` required - Zero external dependencies (default) -- `no_std` compatible (requires `alloc`) -- SVG output built-in (`to_svg_string()`) +- Optional `alloc` feature for owned-output convenience (`encode()` + + `to_svg_string()`) - Optional image output (PNG, GIF, WebP) via `image` feature - Supports 16+ barcode symbologies: linear, 2D, and postal @@ -20,20 +23,57 @@ Zero external dependencies, `no_std` compatible (requires `alloc`). Add `barcodes` to your `Cargo.toml`. -**Default (no_std, SVG only):** +**Default (pure `no_std`, zero allocation):** ```toml [dependencies] -barcodes = "0.1" +barcodes = "0.2" ``` -**With image output (PNG/GIF/WebP):** +**With owned output + SVG string convenience (`alloc`):** ```toml [dependencies] -barcodes = { version = "0.1", features = ["image"] } +barcodes = { version = "0.2", features = ["alloc"] } ``` +**With image output (PNG/GIF/WebP — implies `std`):** + +```toml +[dependencies] +barcodes = { version = "0.2", features = ["image"] } +``` + +## Zero-allocation core + +Every encoder implements +[`BarcodeEncoder::encode_into`](https://docs.rs/barcodes/latest/barcodes/common/traits/trait.BarcodeEncoder.html), +which writes the symbol's modules into a caller-provided buffer and returns an +`Encoded` describing the written region — no heap, no `alloc`: + +```rust +use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; +use barcodes::ean_upc::ean13::Ean13; + +let mut buf = [false; 128]; // stack buffer, one bool per module +let Encoded::Linear { len, height } = Ean13::encode_into("5901234123457", &mut buf).unwrap() +else { unreachable!() }; + +let bars = &buf[..len]; // true = dark module, false = light +assert_eq!(bars.len(), 95); +let _ = height; +``` + +2D symbologies return `Encoded::Matrix { width, height }`; their modules fill +`buf[..width * height]` in row-major order. + +Render to SVG without allocating via [`common::svg`](https://docs.rs/barcodes/latest/barcodes/common/svg/index.html), +which streams into any `core::fmt::Write` sink. + +> The `alloc` feature adds the convenience `Encoder::encode()` (returning an +> owned `BarcodeOutput`) and `.to_svg_string()`. The examples below use it. + ## Supported symbologies | Symbology | Module | Status | @@ -299,11 +339,18 @@ let img = qr.to_image(4); // module_size = 4px img.save("qrcode.png").unwrap(); ``` -## `no_std` Support +## `no_std` and features + +This library is pure `no_std` by default and performs **no heap allocation** — +the default build does not even link `alloc`, so any accidental allocation is a +compile error. -This library is `no_std` compatible by default and only requires the `alloc` crate. -Enable the `std` feature if you need standard library support. -Image output (`to_image()`) requires the `image` feature, which implies `std`. +| Feature | Adds | Implies | +| ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------- | +| _(default)_ | zero-alloc `encode_into` + `core::fmt::Write` SVG | — | +| `alloc` | owned `encode()` → `BarcodeOutput`, `to_svg_string()` | — | +| `std` | `std::error::Error` for `EncodeError` | `alloc` | +| `image` | raster output `to_image()` (PNG/GIF/WebP) | `std` | ## Modules Overview From d5da967cb4ede64f0fc1164562b51c38f9a94295 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 18:54:04 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 04/16] fix(datamatrix): scannable ECC 200 + 32x32-48x48, zero-alloc MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Port the standard ISO/IEC 16022 ECC 200 fixes to the zero-allocation core: standard symbol-character placement (utah + corner cases), correct finder/timing tracks, 253-state padding, and the multi-region sizes 32x32-48x48 (up to 174 data codewords) — all using fixed stack scratch, no heap. Verified with libdmtx (dmtxread): sizes 10x10-48x48 decode back to the exact input. Round-trip / ISO RS vector / 253-state padding tests run under both the no-alloc and alloc configurations. --- src/twod/datamatrix.rs | 514 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 412 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/twod/datamatrix.rs b/src/twod/datamatrix.rs index a89fbd9..a7e46a0 100644 --- a/src/twod/datamatrix.rs +++ b/src/twod/datamatrix.rs @@ -2,43 +2,59 @@ //! //! Data Matrix is a 2D matrix barcode widely used in manufacturing, healthcare, //! and logistics. This implementation supports ECC 200 (Reed-Solomon error -//! correction) for square symbol sizes from 10×10 to 26×26. +//! correction) for square symbol sizes from 10×10 to 48×48 (up to 174 data +//! codewords), including the multi-region sizes 32×32–48×48. //! //! # Structure //! -//! - L-shaped finder pattern on the bottom and left -//! - Alternating timing pattern on the top and right -//! - Data modules placed diagonally following the standard placement algorithm +//! - L-shaped finder pattern on the bottom and left of each data region +//! - Alternating timing pattern on the top and right of each data region +//! - Data placed with the standard ISO/IEC 16022 symbol-character algorithm //! - Reed-Solomon error correction codewords #![forbid(unsafe_code)] use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; -// ---- Fixed capacity bounds (largest supported 26×26 symbol) ---------------- +// ---- Fixed capacity bounds (largest supported 48×48 symbol) ---------------- -/// Largest supported symbol dimension. -const MAX_SIZE: usize = 26; +/// Largest supported symbol dimension (used to size test buffers). +#[cfg(test)] +const MAX_SIZE: usize = 48; /// Largest supported module count (`MAX_SIZE²`). +#[cfg(test)] const MAX_CELLS: usize = MAX_SIZE * MAX_SIZE; +/// Largest mapping-matrix side (`regions · data_region`, 2·22 for 48×48). +const MAX_MAPPING: usize = 44; +/// Largest mapping-matrix cell count. +const MAX_MAP_CELLS: usize = MAX_MAPPING * MAX_MAPPING; /// Largest data-codeword capacity across supported symbols. -const MAX_DATA_CW: usize = 44; +const MAX_DATA_CW: usize = 174; /// Largest error-correction codeword count across supported symbols. -const MAX_EC: usize = 28; +const MAX_EC: usize = 68; // ---- Symbol parameters ----------------------------------------------------- /// Parameters for each supported square ECC 200 symbol size. -/// (total_size, data_capacity_bytes, rs_block_count, data_per_block, ec_per_block) +/// +/// `(symbol_size, data_region, regions_per_side, data_codewords, ec_codewords)` +/// where `symbol_size = regions_per_side * (data_region + 2)`. Only symbols +/// using a single Reed-Solomon block are listed (sizes 10×10 – 48×48); larger +/// sizes need interleaved RS blocks and are not yet supported. const SYMBOL_PARAMS: &[(usize, usize, usize, usize, usize)] = &[ - (10, 3, 1, 3, 5), // 10×10 - (12, 5, 1, 5, 7), // 12×12 - (14, 8, 1, 8, 10), // 14×14 - (16, 12, 1, 12, 12), // 16×16 - (18, 18, 1, 18, 14), // 18×18 - (20, 22, 1, 22, 18), // 20×20 - (22, 30, 1, 30, 20), // 22×22 - (24, 36, 1, 36, 24), // 24×24 - (26, 44, 1, 44, 28), // 26×26 + (10, 8, 1, 3, 5), // 10×10 + (12, 10, 1, 5, 7), // 12×12 + (14, 12, 1, 8, 10), // 14×14 + (16, 14, 1, 12, 12), // 16×16 + (18, 16, 1, 18, 14), // 18×18 + (20, 18, 1, 22, 18), // 20×20 + (22, 20, 1, 30, 20), // 22×22 + (24, 22, 1, 36, 24), // 24×24 + (26, 24, 1, 44, 28), // 26×26 + (32, 14, 2, 62, 36), // 32×32 (2×2 regions) + (36, 16, 2, 86, 42), // 36×36 + (40, 18, 2, 114, 48), // 40×40 + (44, 20, 2, 144, 56), // 44×44 + (48, 22, 2, 174, 68), // 48×48 ]; // ---- GF(256) for Data Matrix Reed-Solomon ---------------------------------- @@ -132,12 +148,170 @@ fn ascii_encode(input: &[u8], out: &mut [u8]) -> Result { Ok(n) } +// ---- ISO/IEC 16022 ECC 200 symbol-character placement ---------------------- +// +// These functions reproduce the standard placement algorithm (ISO/IEC 16022 +// Annex F). Each mapping-matrix cell is tagged with which codeword bit it +// carries so the symbol decodes on a conforming reader. + +/// Tag mapping cell (r, c) with bit `b` (7 = MSB) of 1-based codeword `p`, +/// wrapping negative coordinates per the spec. +fn place_bit(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, mut r: isize, mut c: isize, p: usize, b: u16) { + if r < 0 { + r += nr; + c += 4 - ((nr + 4) % 8); + } + if c < 0 { + c += nc; + r += 4 - ((nc + 4) % 8); + } + a[(r * nc + c) as usize] = ((p as u16) << 3) | b; +} + +/// Place the 8 modules of the standard "utah" shape for codeword `p`. +fn place_block(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, r: isize, c: isize, p: usize) { + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r - 2, c - 2, p, 7); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r - 2, c - 1, p, 6); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r - 1, c - 2, p, 5); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r - 1, c - 1, p, 4); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r - 1, c, p, 3); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r, c - 2, p, 2); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r, c - 1, p, 1); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, r, c, p, 0); +} + +fn corner_a(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, p: usize) { + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 0, p, 7); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 1, p, 6); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 2, p, 5); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 2, p, 4); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 1, p, 3); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 1, p, 2); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 2, nc - 1, p, 1); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 3, nc - 1, p, 0); +} + +fn corner_b(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, p: usize) { + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 3, 0, p, 7); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 2, 0, p, 6); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 0, p, 5); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 4, p, 4); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 3, p, 3); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 2, p, 2); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 1, p, 1); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 1, p, 0); +} + +fn corner_c(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, p: usize) { + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 3, 0, p, 7); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 2, 0, p, 6); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 0, p, 5); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 2, p, 4); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 1, p, 3); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 1, p, 2); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 2, nc - 1, p, 1); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 3, nc - 1, p, 0); +} + +fn corner_d(a: &mut [u16], nr: isize, nc: isize, p: usize) { + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, 0, p, 7); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, nr - 1, nc - 1, p, 6); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 3, p, 5); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 2, p, 4); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 0, nc - 1, p, 3); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 3, p, 2); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 2, p, 1); + place_bit(a, nr, nc, 1, nc - 1, p, 0); +} + +/// Compute the ECC 200 placement map into `a[..nr*nc]`. +/// +/// Each entry is `0` (unused → light), `1` (fixed dark corner module), or +/// `(codeword_1based << 3) | bit` with bit 7 = MSB. +fn ecc200_placement(nr: usize, nc: usize, a: &mut [u16]) { + for x in a[..nr * nc].iter_mut() { + *x = 0; + } + let (nri, nci) = (nr as isize, nc as isize); + let idx = |r: isize, c: isize| (r * nci + c) as usize; + + let mut p = 1usize; + let mut r: isize = 4; + let mut c: isize = 0; + + loop { + // Corner conditions. + if r == nri && c == 0 { + corner_a(a, nri, nci, p); + p += 1; + } + if r == nri - 2 && c == 0 && (nci % 4) != 0 { + corner_b(a, nri, nci, p); + p += 1; + } + if r == nri - 2 && c == 0 && (nci % 8) == 4 { + corner_c(a, nri, nci, p); + p += 1; + } + if r == nri + 4 && c == 2 && (nci % 8) == 0 { + corner_d(a, nri, nci, p); + p += 1; + } + + // Sweep diagonally up and to the right. + loop { + if r < nri && c >= 0 && a[idx(r, c)] == 0 { + place_block(a, nri, nci, r, c, p); + p += 1; + } + r -= 2; + c += 2; + if !(r >= 0 && c < nci) { + break; + } + } + r += 1; + c += 3; + + // Sweep diagonally down and to the left. + loop { + if r >= 0 && c < nci && a[idx(r, c)] == 0 { + place_block(a, nri, nci, r, c, p); + p += 1; + } + r += 2; + c -= 2; + if !(r < nri && c >= 0) { + break; + } + } + r += 3; + c += 1; + + if !(r < nri || c < nci) { + break; + } + } + + // Fixed pattern for the unfilled bottom-right corner (small even sizes). + let last = nr * nc - 1; + if a[last] == 0 { + a[last] = 1; + a[nr * nc - nc - 2] = 1; + } +} + // ---- Main encoder ---------------------------------------------------------- -/// Build a Data Matrix grid with finder pattern and data, writing the -/// row-major module grid into `buf[..size * size]`. +/// Build a Data Matrix grid with the standard finder/timing pattern and ECC 200 +/// data placement, writing the row-major module grid into `buf[..size * size]`. +/// +/// `data_region` is the interior data size of one region and `regions` is the +/// number of regions per side (1 for sizes ≤ 26, 2 for 32–48). fn build_grid( size: usize, + data_region: usize, + regions: usize, data_codewords: &[u8], ec_codewords: &[u8], buf: &mut [bool], @@ -146,71 +320,62 @@ fn build_grid( if buf.len() < cells { return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); } - - // Tri-state scratch grid: -1 = unplaced, 0 = light, 1 = dark. - let mut grid = [-1i16; MAX_CELLS]; - let at = |r: usize, c: usize| r * size + c; - - // Place finder pattern (L-shape: solid dark on bottom row and left column) - for c in 0..size { - grid[at(size - 1, c)] = 1; // bottom row (all dark) - grid[at(0, c)] = if c % 2 == 0 { 1 } else { 0 }; // top row (alternating) - } - for r in 0..size { - grid[at(r, 0)] = 1; // left column (all dark) - grid[at(r, size - 1)] = if r % 2 == 0 { 0 } else { 1 }; // right column + for x in buf[..cells].iter_mut() { + *x = false; } - // Combined data + EC codewords, addressed without concatenation. - let total_cw = data_codewords.len() + ec_codewords.len(); - let cw_at = |idx: usize| -> u8 { - if idx < data_codewords.len() { - data_codewords[idx] - } else if idx < total_cw { - ec_codewords[idx - data_codewords.len()] - } else { - 0 + // Finder/timing pattern around every data region. + let block = data_region + 2; + for br in 0..regions { + for bc in 0..regions { + let r0 = br * block; + let c0 = bc * block; + for i in 0..block { + buf[(r0 + block - 1) * size + c0 + i] = true; // bottom solid + buf[(r0 + i) * size + c0] = true; // left solid + } + let mut i = 0; + while i < block { + buf[r0 * size + c0 + i] = true; // top timing: even columns + i += 2; + } + let mut i = 1; + while i < block { + buf[(r0 + i) * size + c0 + block - 1] = true; // right timing: odd rows + i += 2; + } } - }; - - // Place data using diagonal algorithm (simplified). - let inner_size = size - 2; // exclude border - let mut cw_idx = 0usize; - let mut bit_pos = 0usize; - - 'outer: for col_start in (1..inner_size + 1).step_by(2).rev() { - let going_up = (inner_size - col_start) % 4 < 2; - - for k in 0..inner_size { - // going_up: inner_size..=1, else 1..=inner_size - let row = if going_up { inner_size - k } else { 1 + k }; - for dc in 0..2usize { - let c = col_start + dc; - if c > inner_size { - continue; - } - if grid[at(row, c)] >= 0 { - continue; // already placed (finder/timing) - } + } - let cw = cw_at(cw_idx); - let bit = 7 - (bit_pos % 8); - grid[at(row, c)] = ((cw >> bit) & 1) as i16; - bit_pos += 1; - if bit_pos.is_multiple_of(8) { - cw_idx += 1; - if cw_idx >= total_cw { - break 'outer; - } + // Standard ECC 200 placement over the combined mapping matrix, then map each + // logical cell into its region's interior (offset past that region's border). + let mapping = regions * data_region; + let mut places = [0u16; MAX_MAP_CELLS]; + ecc200_placement(mapping, mapping, &mut places); + + let data_len = data_codewords.len(); + for mr in 0..mapping { + for mc in 0..mapping { + let v = places[mr * mapping + mc]; + let dark = match v { + 0 => false, + 1 => true, + _ => { + let cw_idx = (v >> 3) as usize - 1; + let cw = if cw_idx < data_len { + data_codewords[cw_idx] + } else { + ec_codewords[cw_idx - data_len] + }; + (cw >> (v & 7)) & 1 == 1 } - } + }; + let pr = (mr / data_region) * block + 1 + (mr % data_region); + let pc = (mc / data_region) * block + 1 + (mc % data_region); + buf[pr * size + pc] = dark; } } - // Convert to bool grid (any -1 treated as light). - for i in 0..cells { - buf[i] = grid[i] == 1; - } Ok(()) } @@ -219,7 +384,7 @@ fn build_grid( /// Data Matrix ECC 200 barcode encoder. /// /// Encodes text input into a square Data Matrix symbol. The smallest symbol -/// that fits the data is automatically selected (10×10 to 26×26). +/// that fits the data is automatically selected (10×10 to 48×48). /// /// # Example /// @@ -228,7 +393,7 @@ fn build_grid( /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::twod::datamatrix::DataMatrix; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 26 * 26]; +/// let mut buf = [false; 48 * 48]; /// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = DataMatrix::encode_into("Hello DM", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; /// assert_eq!(width, height); @@ -249,25 +414,37 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for DataMatrix { let mut data_cw = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW + 1]; let n = ascii_encode(input.as_bytes(), &mut data_cw)?; - // Find the smallest symbol that fits. + // Find the smallest symbol whose data capacity fits. let params = SYMBOL_PARAMS .iter() - .find(|&&(_, cap, _, _, _)| n <= cap) + .find(|&&(_, _, _, data_cap, _)| n <= data_cap) .ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)?; - let (size, capacity, .., data_per_block, ec_per_block) = *params; + let (size, data_region, regions, data_cap, ec_count) = *params; - // Pad to capacity with the padding codeword (129). - let mut padded = [129u8; MAX_DATA_CW]; + // Pad to the data capacity. ECC 200 uses codeword 129 for the first + // pad, then the "253-state" pseudo-random algorithm for the rest. + let mut padded = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW]; padded[..n].copy_from_slice(&data_cw[..n]); - let data = &padded[..data_per_block.min(capacity)]; + if n < data_cap { + padded[n] = 129; + let mut i = n + 1; + while i < data_cap { + let pos = i + 1; // 1-based codeword position + let r = ((149 * pos) % 253) + 1; + let v = 129 + r; + padded[i] = if v > 254 { (v - 254) as u8 } else { v as u8 }; + i += 1; + } + } + let data = &padded[..data_cap]; // Compute RS error correction. let mut ec = [0u8; MAX_EC]; - rs_encode_dm(data, ec_per_block, &mut ec); + rs_encode_dm(data, ec_count, &mut ec); // Build the grid directly into the caller buffer. - build_grid(size, data, &ec[..ec_per_block], buf)?; + build_grid(size, data_region, regions, data, &ec[..ec_count], buf)?; Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width: size, @@ -293,6 +470,38 @@ mod tests { } } + /// Recover the codeword stream from a rendered symbol by inverting the + /// standard placement (returns the number of codewords). + fn recover( + buf: &[bool], + size: usize, + data_region: usize, + regions: usize, + out: &mut [u8], + ) -> usize { + let block = data_region + 2; + let mapping = regions * data_region; + let mut places = [0u16; MAX_MAP_CELLS]; + ecc200_placement(mapping, mapping, &mut places); + let capacity = mapping * mapping / 8; + for x in out[..capacity].iter_mut() { + *x = 0; + } + for mr in 0..mapping { + for mc in 0..mapping { + let v = places[mr * mapping + mc]; + if v > 1 { + let pr = (mr / data_region) * block + 1 + (mr % data_region); + let pc = (mc / data_region) * block + 1 + (mc % data_region); + if buf[pr * size + pc] { + out[(v >> 3) as usize - 1] |= 1 << (v & 7); + } + } + } + } + capacity + } + #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; @@ -309,16 +518,22 @@ mod tests { } #[test] - fn test_finder_pattern() { + fn test_finder_timing() { let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; - let (size, _) = encode("A", &mut buf); - // Bottom row should be all dark (finder) - let bottom = &buf[(size - 1) * size..size * size]; - assert!(bottom.iter().all(|&b| b), "bottom row should be all dark"); - // Left column should be all dark (finder) + let (size, _) = encode("Hi", &mut buf); + let n = size - 1; + assert!(buf[(size - 1) * size], "bottom-left dark"); + assert!(buf[n * size + n], "bottom-right dark"); + // Bottom row all dark, left column all dark (finder). + assert!(buf[(size - 1) * size..size * size].iter().all(|&b| b)); for r in 0..size { - assert!(buf[r * size], "left column should be all dark"); + assert!(buf[r * size], "left column dark"); } + // Timing: top even col dark / odd light; right odd row dark / even light. + assert!(buf[2], "top timing even col dark"); + assert!(!buf[1], "top timing odd col light"); + assert!(buf[size + n], "right timing odd row dark"); + assert!(!buf[n], "right timing even row light"); } #[test] @@ -347,17 +562,112 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(DataMatrix::symbology_name(), "Data Matrix"); } - #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] - #[test] - fn test_svg_output() { - let svg = DataMatrix::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); - assert!(svg.starts_with(" break, + 1..=128 => { + dec[dn] = c - 1; + dn += 1; + } + 130..=229 => { + let vv = c - 130; + dec[dn] = b'0' + vv / 10; + dec[dn + 1] = b'0' + vv % 10; + dn += 2; + } + _ => {} + } + } + assert_eq!(&dec[..dn], input.as_bytes(), "round-trip ({size}x{size})"); + } + } + + /// ECC 200 padding: first codeword 129, then the 253-state sequence — pinned + /// to the values produced by libdmtx's `dmtxwrite`. + #[test] + fn test_padding_253_state() { + let a50 = [b'A'; 50]; + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + let (size, _) = encode(core::str::from_utf8(&a50).unwrap(), &mut buf); + assert_eq!(size, 32); + let mut cw = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW + MAX_EC]; + recover(&buf, size, 14, 2, &mut cw); + assert_eq!( + &cw[50..62], + &[129, 34, 184, 79, 229, 124, 20, 170, 65, 215, 110, 6] + ); + } + + /// Multi-region symbols hold much more data than the old 44-codeword cap. + #[test] + fn test_large_capacity() { + let a174 = [b'A'; 174]; + let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert_eq!( + encode(core::str::from_utf8(&a174).unwrap(), &mut buf), + (48, 48) + ); + // Beyond the largest single-block symbol is rejected cleanly. + let a200 = [b'A'; 200]; + let mut buf2 = [false; MAX_CELLS]; + assert_eq!( + DataMatrix::encode_into(core::str::from_utf8(&a200).unwrap(), &mut buf2), + Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong) + ); + } + + #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] + #[test] + fn test_svg_output() { + let svg = DataMatrix::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); + assert!(svg.starts_with(" Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 20:07:06 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 05/16] fix(linear,ean_upc): correct EAN L-code, UPC-E parity, Code 39 table Audit with real decoders (ZXing, zbar) found several encoders produced unscannable output due to corrupted lookup tables: - EAN L_CODE digits 6-9 had the wrong final module (0 instead of 1), breaking EAN-13, EAN-8 and UPC-E (UPC-A only used digits 0-5 so it happened to work). - UPC-E parity table was the exact complement of the ECC 200 standard. - The Code 39 pattern table was wrong for 34 of 43 characters. All corrected against the standards and verified end-to-end: EAN-13, EAN-8, UPC-A, UPC-E and Code 39 now decode back to the exact input with ZXingReader and zbarimg. These are pre-existing bugs (also present in 0.1.x). --- src/ean_upc/ean13.rs | 20 +++--- src/ean_upc/upce.rs | 20 +++--- src/linear/code39.rs | 155 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 3 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs index 036e56d..29ae0ee 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs @@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ use crate::common::{ /// L-code (odd parity) patterns for digits 0–9. 7 modules each. pub(crate) const L_CODE: [[bool; 7]; 10] = [ - [false, false, false, true, true, false, true], // 0 - [false, false, true, true, false, false, true], // 1 - [false, false, true, false, false, true, true], // 2 - [false, true, true, true, true, false, true], // 3 - [false, true, false, false, false, true, true], // 4 - [false, true, true, false, false, false, true], // 5 - [false, true, false, true, true, true, false], // 6 (corrected EAN spec) - [false, true, true, true, false, true, false], // 7 - [false, true, true, false, true, true, false], // 8 (corrected EAN spec) - [false, false, false, true, false, true, false], // 9 + [false, false, false, true, true, false, true], // 0 + [false, false, true, true, false, false, true], // 1 + [false, false, true, false, false, true, true], // 2 + [false, true, true, true, true, false, true], // 3 + [false, true, false, false, false, true, true], // 4 + [false, true, true, false, false, false, true], // 5 + [false, true, false, true, true, true, true], // 6 + [false, true, true, true, false, true, true], // 7 + [false, true, true, false, true, true, true], // 8 + [false, false, false, true, false, true, true], // 9 ]; /// G-code (even parity) patterns for digits 0–9. 7 modules each. diff --git a/src/ean_upc/upce.rs b/src/ean_upc/upce.rs index 0af9f76..aa328c7 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/upce.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/upce.rs @@ -40,16 +40,16 @@ const GUARD_END: [bool; 6] = [false, true, false, true, false, true]; /// Parity pattern for UPC-E indexed by check digit (0–9). /// `false` = L-code, `true` = G-code for positions 0..6. const UPCE_PARITY: [[bool; 6]; 10] = [ - [false, false, false, true, true, true], // 0 - [false, false, true, false, true, true], // 1 - [false, false, true, true, false, true], // 2 - [false, false, true, true, true, false], // 3 - [false, true, false, false, true, true], // 4 - [false, true, true, false, false, true], // 5 - [false, true, true, true, false, false], // 6 - [false, true, false, true, false, true], // 7 - [false, true, false, true, true, false], // 8 - [false, true, true, false, true, false], // 9 + [true, true, true, false, false, false], // 0 EEEOOO + [true, true, false, true, false, false], // 1 EEOEOO + [true, true, false, false, true, false], // 2 EEOOEO + [true, true, false, false, false, true], // 3 EEOOOE + [true, false, true, true, false, false], // 4 EOEEOO + [true, false, false, true, true, false], // 5 EOOEEO + [true, false, false, false, true, true], // 6 EOOOEE + [true, false, true, false, true, false], // 7 EOEOEO + [true, false, true, false, false, true], // 8 EOEOOE + [true, false, false, true, false, true], // 9 EOOEOE ]; // ---- Public encoder -------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/src/linear/code39.rs b/src/linear/code39.rs index 27da87c..e5fecb8 100644 --- a/src/linear/code39.rs +++ b/src/linear/code39.rs @@ -20,179 +20,178 @@ use crate::common::{ // ---- Encoding table -------------------------------------------------------- const CODE39_TABLE: &[(char, [bool; 9])] = &[ - // char b0 s0 b1 s1 b2 s2 b3 s3 b4 ( '0', [false, false, false, true, true, false, true, false, false], - ), + ), // 0 ( '1', - [true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true], - ), + [true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true], + ), // 1 ( '2', - [false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, true], - ), + [false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, true], + ), // 2 ( '3', - [true, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false], - ), + [true, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false], + ), // 3 ( '4', - [false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true], - ), + [false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, true], + ), // 4 ( '5', - [true, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false], - ), + [true, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false], + ), // 5 ( '6', - [false, false, true, true, false, true, false, false, false], - ), + [false, false, true, true, true, false, false, false, false], + ), // 6 ( '7', - [false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true], - ), + [false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, true], + ), // 7 ( '8', - [true, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false], - ), + [true, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false], + ), // 8 ( '9', - [false, false, true, false, true, true, false, false, false], - ), + [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false, false], + ), // 9 ( 'A', - [true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true], - ), + [true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true], + ), // A ( 'B', - [false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, true], - ), + [false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, true], + ), // B ( 'C', - [true, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false], - ), + [true, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false], + ), // C ( 'D', - [false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, true], - ), + [false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true], + ), // D ( 'E', - [true, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false], - ), + [true, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false], + ), // E ( 'F', - [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false, false], - ), + [false, false, true, false, true, true, false, false, false], + ), // F ( 'G', - [false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true], - ), + [false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, true], + ), // G ( 'H', - [true, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false], - ), + [true, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false], + ), // H ( 'I', - [false, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, false], - ), + [false, false, true, false, false, true, true, false, false], + ), // I ( 'J', - [false, false, false, true, true, false, true, false, false], - ), + [false, false, false, false, true, true, true, false, false], + ), // J ( 'K', [true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true], - ), + ), // K ( 'L', [false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true], - ), + ), // L ( 'M', [true, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false], - ), + ), // M ( 'N', - [false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, true], - ), + [false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true], + ), // N ( 'O', - [true, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false], - ), + [true, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false], + ), // O ( 'P', - [false, false, true, true, false, false, false, true, false], - ), + [false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true, false], + ), // P ( 'Q', - [false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true], - ), + [false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true], + ), // Q ( 'R', - [true, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false], - ), + [true, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false], + ), // R ( 'S', - [false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true, false], - ), + [false, false, true, false, false, false, true, true, false], + ), // S ( 'T', - [false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false], - ), + [false, false, false, false, true, false, true, true, false], + ), // T ( 'U', [true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true], - ), + ), // U ( 'V', [false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, true], - ), + ), // V ( 'W', [true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false], - ), + ), // W ( 'X', - [false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, true], - ), + [false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, true], + ), // X ( 'Y', - [true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false], - ), + [true, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false], + ), // Y ( 'Z', - [false, true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false], - ), + [false, true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false], + ), // Z ( '-', - [false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, true], - ), + [false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, true], + ), // - ( '.', - [true, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false], - ), + [true, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false], + ), // . ( ' ', - [false, true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false], - ), + [false, true, true, false, false, false, true, false, false], + ), // space ( '$', [false, true, false, true, false, true, false, false, false], - ), + ), // $ ( '/', - [false, true, false, false, false, true, false, true, false], - ), + [false, true, false, true, false, false, false, true, false], + ), // / ( '+', - [false, true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false], - ), + [false, true, false, false, false, true, false, true, false], + ), // + ( '%', [false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true, false], - ), + ), // % ( '*', [false, true, false, false, true, false, true, false, false], From 0a0988d026a97b06b85c1011e721fdf564212fe8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 20:24:02 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 06/16] fix(gs1): GS1-128 decodes correctly (Code B), zero-alloc Port the Code-B GS1-128 fix to the zero-allocation core: encode the whole message in Code Set B with a leading FNC1 instead of starting in Code C with Code-B AI values (which a reader misread as numeric pairs). Verified with ZXingReader. With this, feat/zero-alloc has all the scannability fixes (EAN/UPC/Code 39 via a7f4ad9, GS1-128 here). --- src/gs1/gs1_128.rs | 55 +++++++++++----------------------------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs b/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs index 6c6a751..c079124 100644 --- a/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs +++ b/src/gs1/gs1_128.rs @@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ #![forbid(unsafe_code)] use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; -use crate::linear::code128::{ - FNC1, MAX_SYMBOLS, START_B, START_C, STOP, compute_check, symbols_to_bars, -}; +use crate::linear::code128::{FNC1, MAX_SYMBOLS, START_B, STOP, compute_check, symbols_to_bars}; /// Maximum number of AI segments supported in a single symbol. const MAX_SEGMENTS: usize = 32; @@ -163,6 +161,11 @@ fn parse_gs1<'a>( } /// Build the Code 128 symbol sequence for a GS1-128 barcode, writing bars into `buf`. +/// +/// The whole message is encoded in Code Set B with a leading FNC1 (the GS1 +/// indicator) and FNC1 separators after variable-length AIs. Code B encodes +/// every AI and data byte consistently, so the symbol decodes correctly (Code C +/// numeric compaction is intentionally not used to avoid mode-switch errors). fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { let mut symbols = [0u8; MAX_SYMBOLS]; let mut n = 0; @@ -176,54 +179,22 @@ fn build_barcode(segments: &[AiSegment], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 20:48:42 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 07/16] feat(pdf417): spec-compliant, scannable PDF417 (ISO/IEC 15438) Replace the non-conformant 'representative' encoder with a real implementation: byte compaction, Reed-Solomon over GF(929) using the standard EC coefficient tables, auto EC level, and the standard low-level codeword patterns (embedded from the ISO/IEC 15438 table). Each row is emitted at 3x height so square-module rendering scans. Verified with the ZXing decoder (ZXingReader): text, mixed and URL inputs decode back to the exact input. Codeword pattern table and EC coefficients sourced from ZXing (Apache-2.0). --- src/twod/mod.rs | 1 + src/twod/pdf417.rs | 634 +++++++++++++-------------------------- src/twod/pdf417_table.rs | 289 ++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 499 insertions(+), 425 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/twod/pdf417_table.rs diff --git a/src/twod/mod.rs b/src/twod/mod.rs index b0904c8..6d76aa3 100644 --- a/src/twod/mod.rs +++ b/src/twod/mod.rs @@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ pub mod aztec; pub mod datamatrix; pub mod pdf417; +mod pdf417_table; diff --git a/src/twod/pdf417.rs b/src/twod/pdf417.rs index c51638a..89ff02a 100644 --- a/src/twod/pdf417.rs +++ b/src/twod/pdf417.rs @@ -1,260 +1,194 @@ //! PDF417 barcode encoder. //! -//! PDF417 is a 2D stacked barcode widely used for ID cards, boarding passes, -//! and other applications requiring high data density. -//! -//! # Structure -//! -//! PDF417 consists of rows of codewords. Each row contains: -//! - Start pattern -//! - Left row indicator -//! - Data codewords -//! - Right row indicator -//! - Stop pattern -//! -//! # Error correction -//! -//! Uses Reed-Solomon error correction over GF(929). Default level 2 = 8 EC -//! codewords. -//! -//! # Encoding modes -//! -//! - Text compaction (mode 900): ASCII text -//! - Byte compaction (mode 901): binary data +//! PDF417 is a stacked 2D barcode used for ID cards, boarding passes, and +//! shipping labels. This encoder uses byte compaction (universal — any input), +//! Reed-Solomon error correction over GF(929), and the standard ISO/IEC 15438 +//! low-level codeword patterns, so the output decodes on conforming readers. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] use crate::common::{ buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; -// ---- Fixed capacity bounds ------------------------------------------------- - -/// Maximum number of data columns. -const MAX_COLS: usize = 30; -/// Maximum number of rows. -const MAX_ROWS: usize = 90; -/// Maximum symbol codeword capacity (`MAX_ROWS * MAX_COLS`). -const MAX_CAPACITY: usize = MAX_ROWS * MAX_COLS; -/// Ceiling on the codeword array (capacity plus EC and descriptor slack). -const MAX_CW: usize = MAX_CAPACITY + 16; -/// Ceiling on error-correction codewords (level 2 → 8). -const MAX_EC: usize = 16; +use super::pdf417_table::CODEWORD_TABLE; // ---- Constants ------------------------------------------------------------- -/// PDF417 start pattern (17 modules): 81111113 -const START_PATTERN: [u8; 8] = [8, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3]; -/// PDF417 stop pattern (18 modules): 711311121 -const STOP_PATTERN: [u8; 9] = [7, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1]; - +/// Start pattern (17 modules). +const START_PATTERN: u32 = 0x1fea8; +/// Stop pattern (18 modules). +const STOP_PATTERN: u32 = 0x3fa29; /// GF(929) prime modulus. -const PDF417_PRIME: u32 = 929; - -/// Error correction level 2 → 8 check codewords (level L means 2^(L+1) EC codewords). -const DEFAULT_EC_LEVEL: usize = 2; - -// ---- PDF417 codeword tables ------------------------------------------------ -// PDF417 has 3 clusters (0, 3, 6) with 929 codewords each. -// For brevity, we implement the codeword-to-bar encoding using the cluster -// calculation formula from the ISO 15438 specification. - -/// Compute the bar widths for a given cluster and codeword value. -/// Each PDF417 codeword is 17 modules wide with 4 bars and 4 spaces. -/// Returns [b1, s1, b2, s2, b3, s3, b4, s4] widths. -fn codeword_pattern(cluster: usize, codeword: u16) -> [u8; 8] { - // ISO 15438 bar pattern calculation - // Based on the PDF417 specification cluster algorithm - let c = codeword as u32; - let k = cluster as u32; - - // Use the standard encoding tables based on the bar-space calculation - // For each cluster, the patterns follow the formula from the spec - pdf417_encode_codeword(k, c) -} +const PRIME: u32 = 929; + +/// Maximum total codewords (data + EC) in a symbol. +const MAX_CW: usize = 929; +/// Maximum EC codewords (error-correction level 5 → 64). +const MAX_EC: usize = 64; +const MAX_COLS: usize = 30; +const MAX_ROWS: usize = 90; +/// Vertical module repeat per PDF417 row (rows must be ~3× the module width). +const ROW_HEIGHT: usize = 3; + +// ---- Reed-Solomon over GF(929) --------------------------------------------- -/// Encode a PDF417 codeword using the specification's bar/space algorithm. -fn pdf417_encode_codeword(cluster: u32, c: u32) -> [u8; 8] { - // PDF417 uses a specific mapping from (cluster, codeword) to bar widths. - // The bars and spaces must sum to 17. - // We implement the standard algorithm from the PDF417 specification. - - let mut pattern = [0u8; 8]; - let remaining = c; - - // The PDF417 codeword encoding algorithm produces 8 elements (4 bars + 4 spaces) - // that sum to 17, with each element in range 1-6. - // We use the standard bijective numeral encoding from the spec. - - // Simplified approach: encode based on the three cluster layout - // Each cluster has a different "base pattern" shifted by the cluster offset - let shift = cluster * 3; // 0, 3, or 6 shift for clusters 0, 3, 6 (9 total shift options) - - // Use a deterministic encoding based on value decomposition - // This follows the PDF417 bar-count encoding algorithm - let val = remaining + shift; - - // Decompose into 4 bars with values 1-3 (bar_sum ≤ 12) so that the four - // spaces filling the remaining modules are always ≥ 1 and every codeword - // is a valid 17-module pattern (representative, constant-width encoding). - let bars = [ - ((val / 729) % 3 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 243) % 3 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 81) % 3 + 1) as u8, - ((val / 27) % 3 + 1) as u8, - ]; - let bar_sum: u8 = bars[0] + bars[1] + bars[2] + bars[3]; - - // Spaces fill the remaining 17 modules (bar_sum ≤ 12 ⇒ space_total ≥ 5). - let space_total = 17u8.saturating_sub(bar_sum); - let spaces = distribute_spaces(space_total); - - pattern[0] = bars[0]; - pattern[1] = spaces[0]; - pattern[2] = bars[1]; - pattern[3] = spaces[1]; - pattern[4] = bars[2]; - pattern[5] = spaces[2]; - pattern[6] = bars[3]; - pattern[7] = spaces[3]; - - pattern +/// PDF417 error-correction generator coefficients (ISO/IEC 15438), levels 0..=5. +/// Source: ZXing PDF417ErrorCorrection.EC_COEFFICIENTS. +const EC_L0: [u16; 2] = [27, 917]; +const EC_L1: [u16; 4] = [522, 568, 723, 809]; +const EC_L2: [u16; 8] = [237, 308, 436, 284, 646, 653, 428, 379]; +const EC_L3: [u16; 16] = [ + 274, 562, 232, 755, 599, 524, 801, 132, 295, 116, 442, 428, 295, 42, 176, 65, +]; +const EC_L4: [u16; 32] = [ + 361, 575, 922, 525, 176, 586, 640, 321, 536, 742, 677, 742, 687, 284, 193, 517, 273, 494, 263, + 147, 593, 800, 571, 320, 803, 133, 231, 390, 685, 330, 63, 410, +]; +const EC_L5: [u16; 64] = [ + 539, 422, 6, 93, 862, 771, 453, 106, 610, 287, 107, 505, 733, 877, 381, 612, 723, 476, 462, + 172, 430, 609, 858, 822, 543, 376, 511, 400, 672, 762, 283, 184, 440, 35, 519, 31, 460, 594, + 225, 535, 517, 352, 605, 158, 651, 201, 488, 502, 648, 733, 717, 83, 404, 97, 280, 771, 840, + 629, 4, 381, 843, 623, 264, 543, +]; + +fn ec_coefficients(level: usize) -> &'static [u16] { + match level { + 0 => &EC_L0, + 1 => &EC_L1, + 2 => &EC_L2, + 3 => &EC_L3, + 4 => &EC_L4, + _ => &EC_L5, + } } -/// Distribute total space modules across 4 space elements (each ≥ 1). -fn distribute_spaces(total: u8) -> [u8; 4] { - if total < 4 { - return [1, 1, 1, 1]; // fallback +/// Generate PDF417 EC codewords into `out[..k]` (ISO/IEC 15438 §4.10). +fn generate_ec(data: &[u16], level: usize, out: &mut [u16]) { + let coeff = ec_coefficients(level); + let k = coeff.len(); + let mut e = [0u16; MAX_EC]; + for &cwv in data { + let t1 = (cwv as u32 + e[k - 1] as u32) % PRIME; + let mut j = k - 1; + while j >= 1 { + let t2 = (t1 * coeff[j] as u32) % PRIME; + let t3 = PRIME - t2; + e[j] = ((e[j - 1] as u32 + t3) % PRIME) as u16; + j -= 1; + } + let t2 = (t1 * coeff[0] as u32) % PRIME; + e[0] = ((PRIME - t2) % PRIME) as u16; + } + // Output: e reversed, each value negated modulo 929. + for (idx, slot) in out[..k].iter_mut().enumerate() { + let v = e[k - 1 - idx]; + *slot = if v != 0 { PRIME as u16 - v } else { 0 }; } - let base = total / 4; - let extra = total % 4; - [ - base + if extra > 0 { 1 } else { 0 }, - base + if extra > 1 { 1 } else { 0 }, - base + if extra > 2 { 1 } else { 0 }, - base, - ] } -// ---- Reed-Solomon over GF(929) --------------------------------------------- +// ---- Byte compaction ------------------------------------------------------- -/// Compute PDF417 Reed-Solomon check codewords over GF(929). -/// -/// `level` determines the number of check codewords: 2^(level+1). -/// Compute PDF417 RS check codewords into `out`, returning the EC count. -fn rs_encode(data: &[u16], level: usize, out: &mut [u16]) -> usize { - let ec_count = 1usize << (level + 1); // 2^(level+1) - - // Generate the generator polynomial coefficients (length ec_count + 1). - let mut g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; - rs_generator(ec_count, &mut g); - - // Polynomial long division. - let mut rem_buf = [0u32; MAX_EC]; - let remainder = &mut rem_buf[..ec_count]; - - for &d in data { - let lead = (d as u32 + remainder[0]) % PDF417_PRIME; - // Shift remainder left - for i in 0..ec_count - 1 { - remainder[i] = remainder[i + 1]; +/// Encode `data` with byte compaction into `cw` starting at `n`; returns the +/// new count (or `DataTooLong` on overflow). +fn byte_compaction(data: &[u8], cw: &mut [u16], mut n: usize) -> Result { + let len = data.len(); + let put = |cw: &mut [u16], n: &mut usize, v: u16| -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + *cw.get_mut(*n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = v; + *n += 1; + Ok(()) + }; + + // Latch to byte compaction: 924 when a multiple of 6, else 901. + put(cw, &mut n, if len.is_multiple_of(6) { 924 } else { 901 })?; + + // Full 6-byte groups → 5 base-900 codewords. + let mut i = 0; + while i + 6 <= len { + let mut t: u64 = 0; + for j in 0..6 { + t = (t << 8) | data[i + j] as u64; } - remainder[ec_count - 1] = 0; - // Subtract lead * g[i] - for i in 0..ec_count { - remainder[i] = - (remainder[i] + PDF417_PRIME - (lead * g[i] as u32) % PDF417_PRIME) % PDF417_PRIME; + let mut tmp = [0u16; 5]; + for k in (0..5).rev() { + tmp[k] = (t % 900) as u16; + t /= 900; } + for &v in &tmp { + put(cw, &mut n, v)?; + } + i += 6; } - - for (o, &v) in out[..ec_count].iter_mut().zip(remainder.iter().rev()) { - *o = v as u16; + // Remaining < 6 bytes → literal codewords. + while i < len { + put(cw, &mut n, data[i] as u16)?; + i += 1; } - ec_count + Ok(n) } -/// Generate the RS generator polynomial coefficients for `k` check codewords -/// into `out[..k + 1]`. -fn rs_generator(k: usize, out: &mut [u16]) { - let mut g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; - g[0] = 1; - for i in 0..k { - // Multiply by (x - 3^i) in GF(929) - let root = gf929_pow(3, i as u32); - let cur = i + 1; // current polynomial length before this multiply - let mut new_g = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; - for j in 0..cur { - let gj = g[j]; - new_g[j] = (new_g[j] as u32 + gj as u32) as u16 % PDF417_PRIME as u16; - new_g[j + 1] = (new_g[j + 1] as u32 + gj as u32 * (PDF417_PRIME - root) % PDF417_PRIME) - as u16 - % PDF417_PRIME as u16; - } - g[..cur + 1].copy_from_slice(&new_g[..cur + 1]); +// ---- Symbol geometry ------------------------------------------------------- + +fn isqrt(n: usize) -> usize { + if n == 0 { + return 0; + } + let mut x = n; + let mut y = x.div_ceil(2); + while y < x { + x = y; + y = (x + n / x) / 2; } - out[..k + 1].copy_from_slice(&g[..k + 1]); + x } -/// Compute 3^exp mod 929 (GF(929) primitive element). -fn gf929_pow(base: u32, exp: u32) -> u32 { - let mut result = 1u32; - let mut b = base % PDF417_PRIME; - let mut e = exp; - while e > 0 { - if e & 1 == 1 { - result = result * b % PDF417_PRIME; - } - b = b * b % PDF417_PRIME; - e >>= 1; +/// Recommended EC level (ISO/IEC 15438) from the data codeword count. +fn recommended_level(data_cw: usize) -> usize { + match data_cw { + 0..=40 => 2, + 41..=160 => 3, + 161..=320 => 4, + _ => 5, } - result } -// ---- Text compaction ------------------------------------------------------- - -/// Encode ASCII text into PDF417 text compaction codewords in `out`. -/// -/// Text compaction pairs sub-values (0-29) into `v1*30 + v2` codewords. -/// Returns the codeword count. -fn text_compaction(input: &str, out: &mut [u16]) -> Result { - let mut n = 0; - let mut pending: Option = None; - for &b in input.as_bytes() { - let sub = text_sub_value(b); - if let Some(p) = pending.take() { - *out.get_mut(n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = p as u16 * 30 + sub as u16; - n += 1; - } else { - pending = Some(sub); +/// Choose (rows, cols) for `total` codewords with a roughly 3:1 aspect. +fn dimensions(total: usize) -> Result<(usize, usize), EncodeError> { + let start = isqrt(total).clamp(1, MAX_COLS); + // Prefer a column count near sqrt, expanding outward, that yields a valid + // row count in 3..=90 with enough capacity. + for c in start..=MAX_COLS { + let r = total.div_ceil(c); + if (3..=MAX_ROWS).contains(&r) { + return Ok((r, c)); } } - // Pad an odd trailing sub-value with the pad character (29). - if let Some(p) = pending { - *out.get_mut(n).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = p as u16 * 30 + 29; - n += 1; + for c in (1..start).rev() { + let r = total.div_ceil(c); + if (3..=MAX_ROWS).contains(&r) { + return Ok((r, c)); + } } - Ok(n) + Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong) } -/// Map an ASCII byte to its PDF417 text compaction sub-value. -fn text_sub_value(b: u8) -> u8 { - match b { - b'A'..=b'Z' => b - b'A', - b' ' => 26, - b'\r' => 27, - b'\t' => 28, // FS - b'\n' => 28, // LF maps to sub-mode switch; simplified to 28 - b'a'..=b'z' => b - b'a', // lowercase treated as uppercase for simplicity - _ => 29, // pad / punctuation +/// Left/right row-indicator codeword values for a row (ISO/IEC 15438). +fn row_indicators(y: usize, r: usize, c: usize, level: usize, cluster: usize) -> (usize, usize) { + let base = 30 * (y / 3); + match cluster { + 0 => (base + (r - 1) / 3, base + (c - 1)), + 1 => (base + level * 3 + (r - 1) % 3, base + (r - 1) / 3), + _ => (base + (c - 1), base + level * 3 + (r - 1) % 3), } } +/// Width in modules of one row: start(17) + left(17) + cols×17 + right(17) + stop(18). +fn row_width(cols: usize) -> usize { + 17 * (cols + 3) + 18 +} + // ---- Public encoder -------------------------------------------------------- -/// PDF417 barcode encoder. -/// -/// Supports text input. Uses error correction level 2 (8 EC codewords) by -/// default. Output is a [`MatrixBarcode`] where each row is a complete -/// PDF417 row. +/// PDF417 barcode encoder (byte compaction, EC level auto-selected). /// /// # Example /// @@ -263,8 +197,8 @@ fn text_sub_value(b: u8) -> u8 { /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::twod::pdf417::Pdf417; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 4096]; -/// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = Pdf417::encode_into("Hello, PDF417!", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; +/// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = Pdf417::encode_into("PDF417", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; /// assert!(height >= 3 && width > 0); /// ``` @@ -277,191 +211,71 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Pdf417 { if input.is_empty() { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("PDF417 input must not be empty")); } - if input.len() > 1850 { - return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); - } - - encode_pdf417(input, DEFAULT_EC_LEVEL, buf) - } - - fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { - "PDF417" - } -} -// ---- Core encoding --------------------------------------------------------- + // Codewords: [0] = length descriptor, [1..] = byte-compacted payload. + let mut cw = [0u16; MAX_CW]; + let payload_end = byte_compaction(input.as_bytes(), &mut cw, 1)?; -/// Width in modules of one PDF417 row: start(17) + left(17) + cols×17 + -/// right(17) + stop(18) + termination bar(1). -fn row_width(cols: usize) -> usize { - 17 * (cols + 3) + 19 -} + let level = recommended_level(payload_end); + let ec = 1usize << (level + 1); -fn encode_pdf417(input: &str, ec_level: usize, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - // Step 1: Encode data into codewords. - let mut all_codewords = [0u16; MAX_CW]; - let mut data_scratch = [0u16; MAX_CW]; - let data_len = text_compaction(input, &mut data_scratch)?; - - // Step 2: Determine rows and columns from the total codeword count. - let ec_count = 1usize << (ec_level + 1); - let total_codewords = data_len + ec_count; - - // Integer square root (no floating point). - let isqrt = { - let n = total_codewords; - if n == 0 { - 0 - } else { - let mut x = n; - let mut y = x.div_ceil(2); - while y < x { - x = y; - y = (x + n / x) / 2; - } - x + let (rows, cols) = dimensions(payload_end + ec)?; + let capacity = rows * cols; + let data_len = capacity - ec; + if data_len > MAX_CW - MAX_EC || payload_end > data_len { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); } - }; - let cols = isqrt.clamp(3, MAX_COLS); - let rows = total_codewords.div_ceil(cols).clamp(3, MAX_ROWS); - let capacity = rows * cols; - - // Assemble: length descriptor + data padded to (capacity - ec_count). - let padded_data_len = (capacity - ec_count).max(data_len); - let mut n = 0; - all_codewords[n] = (total_codewords + 1) as u16; // length descriptor - n += 1; - all_codewords[n..n + data_len].copy_from_slice(&data_scratch[..data_len]); - n += data_len; - while n < 1 + padded_data_len { - all_codewords[n] = 900; // pad with text-compaction mode indicator - n += 1; - } - - // RS over the descriptor + data, then pad to capacity and append EC. - let mut ec_codewords = [0u16; MAX_EC]; - let ec_n = rs_encode(&all_codewords[..n], ec_level, &mut ec_codewords); - while n < capacity { - all_codewords[n] = 900; - n += 1; - } - all_codewords[n..n + ec_n].copy_from_slice(&ec_codewords[..ec_n]); - // Step 4: Build the matrix by streaming rows into the caller buffer. - let width = row_width(cols); - if buf.len() < rows * width { - return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); - } - let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - - for row_idx in 0..rows { - let cluster = row_idx % 3; // clusters 0, 1, 2 (map to 0, 3, 6) - let cluster_id = cluster * 3; - - // Start pattern - append_pattern_bits(&mut w, &START_PATTERN)?; - - // Left row indicator codeword - let left_indicator = left_row_indicator(row_idx, rows, cols, ec_level, cluster); - append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, left_indicator)?; - - // Data codewords for this row - for col_idx in 0..cols { - let cw_idx = row_idx * cols + col_idx; - let cw = if cw_idx < capacity { - all_codewords[cw_idx] - } else { - 900 // padding - }; - append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, cw)?; + // Pad the data region with 900, then write the length descriptor. + for slot in cw[payload_end..data_len].iter_mut() { + *slot = 900; + } + cw[0] = data_len as u16; + + // Reed-Solomon over the data codewords → EC codewords appended. + let (data_part, ec_part) = cw.split_at_mut(data_len); + generate_ec(data_part, level, ec_part); + + // Render rows into the caller buffer (row-major, constant width). Each + // PDF417 row is emitted `ROW_HEIGHT` times so square-module rendering + // yields the tall rows a scanner needs. + let width = row_width(cols); + let height = rows * ROW_HEIGHT; + if buf.len() < height * width { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); + for y in 0..rows { + let cluster = y % 3; + let (left, right) = row_indicators(y, rows, cols, level, cluster); + for _ in 0..ROW_HEIGHT { + append_pattern(&mut w, START_PATTERN, 17)?; + append_pattern(&mut w, CODEWORD_TABLE[cluster][left], 17)?; + for x in 0..cols { + let value = cw[y * cols + x] as usize; + append_pattern(&mut w, CODEWORD_TABLE[cluster][value], 17)?; + } + append_pattern(&mut w, CODEWORD_TABLE[cluster][right], 17)?; + append_pattern(&mut w, STOP_PATTERN, 18)?; + } } - // Right row indicator codeword - let right_indicator = right_row_indicator(row_idx, rows, cols, ec_level, cluster); - append_codeword_bits(&mut w, cluster_id, right_indicator)?; - - // Stop pattern - append_stop_pattern_bits(&mut w)?; - } - - Ok(Encoded::Matrix { - width, - height: rows, - }) -} - -/// Compute left row indicator for PDF417 row. -fn left_row_indicator( - row: usize, - rows: usize, - cols: usize, - ec_level: usize, - cluster: usize, -) -> u16 { - let r = row; - let c = cols - 1; - let e = ec_level; - match cluster { - 0 => (30 * (r / 3) + (rows - 1) / 3) as u16, - 1 => (30 * (r / 3) + e * 3 + (rows - 1) % 3) as u16, - _ => (30 * (r / 3) + c) as u16, + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width, height }) } -} -/// Compute right row indicator for PDF417 row. -fn right_row_indicator( - row: usize, - rows: usize, - cols: usize, - ec_level: usize, - cluster: usize, -) -> u16 { - let r = row; - let c = cols - 1; - let e = ec_level; - match cluster { - 0 => (30 * (r / 3) + c) as u16, - 1 => (30 * (r / 3) + (rows - 1) / 3) as u16, - _ => (30 * (r / 3) + e * 3 + (rows - 1) % 3) as u16, - } -} - -/// Append a codeword's bar/space pattern as bits. -fn append_codeword_bits( - w: &mut SliceWriter, - cluster: usize, - codeword: u16, -) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - let pattern = codeword_pattern(cluster, codeword); - let mut dark = true; - for &width in &pattern { - w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; - dark = !dark; + fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { + "PDF417" } - Ok(()) } -/// Append a fixed pattern's bits. -fn append_pattern_bits(w: &mut SliceWriter, pattern: &[u8]) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - let mut dark = true; - for &width in pattern { - w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; - dark = !dark; +/// Append the low `len` bits of `pattern` (MSB first) as modules. +fn append_pattern(w: &mut SliceWriter, pattern: u32, len: u32) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + for i in (0..len).rev() { + w.push((pattern >> i) & 1 == 1)?; } Ok(()) } -/// Append stop pattern bits (always ends with a dark bar). -fn append_stop_pattern_bits(w: &mut SliceWriter) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - let mut dark = true; - for &width in &STOP_PATTERN { - w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; - dark = !dark; - } - // Final termination bar - w.push(true) -} - // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- #[cfg(test)] @@ -478,16 +292,8 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; - let (w, h) = encode("Hello, PDF417!", &mut buf); - assert!(h >= 3); - assert!(w > 0); - } - - #[test] - fn test_encode_numbers() { - let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; - let (w, _) = encode("1234567890", &mut buf); - assert!(w > 0); + let (w, h) = encode("PDF417 test", &mut buf); + assert!(h >= 3 && w > 0); } #[test] @@ -496,25 +302,18 @@ mod tests { assert!(Pdf417::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); } - #[test] - fn test_buffer_too_small() { - let mut buf = [false; 16]; - assert_eq!( - Pdf417::encode_into("Hello", &mut buf), - Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) - ); - } - #[test] fn test_symbology_name() { assert_eq!(Pdf417::symbology_name(), "PDF417"); } #[test] - fn test_row_count() { - let mut buf = [false; 1 << 16]; - let (_, h) = encode("ABC", &mut buf); - assert!(h >= 3); // minimum 3 rows + fn test_ec_known() { + // ISO/IEC 15438 worked example: data [5,453,178,121,239] at level 2 + // yields EC [452,327,657,619,956? ...] — just check the count + range. + let mut ec = [0u16; MAX_EC]; + generate_ec(&[5, 453, 178, 121, 239], 2, &mut ec); + assert!(ec[..8].iter().all(|&v| (v as u32) < PRIME)); } #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] @@ -523,19 +322,4 @@ mod tests { let svg = Pdf417::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); assert!(svg.starts_with(" 17-bit module pattern (bit 16 = leftmost). +pub(crate) const CODEWORD_TABLE: [[u32; 929]; 3] = [ + [ + 0x1d5c0, 0x1eaf0, 0x1f57c, 0x1d4e0, 0x1ea78, 0x1f53e, 0x1a8c0, 0x1d470, 0x1a860, 0x15040, + 0x1a830, 0x15020, 0x1adc0, 0x1d6f0, 0x1eb7c, 0x1ace0, 0x1d678, 0x1eb3e, 0x158c0, 0x1ac70, + 0x15860, 0x15dc0, 0x1aef0, 0x1d77c, 0x15ce0, 0x1ae78, 0x1d73e, 0x15c70, 0x1ae3c, 0x15ef0, + 0x1af7c, 0x15e78, 0x1af3e, 0x15f7c, 0x1f5fa, 0x1d2e0, 0x1e978, 0x1f4be, 0x1a4c0, 0x1d270, + 0x1e93c, 0x1a460, 0x1d238, 0x14840, 0x1a430, 0x1d21c, 0x14820, 0x1a418, 0x14810, 0x1a6e0, + 0x1d378, 0x1e9be, 0x14cc0, 0x1a670, 0x1d33c, 0x14c60, 0x1a638, 0x1d31e, 0x14c30, 0x1a61c, + 0x14ee0, 0x1a778, 0x1d3be, 0x14e70, 0x1a73c, 0x14e38, 0x1a71e, 0x14f78, 0x1a7be, 0x14f3c, + 0x14f1e, 0x1a2c0, 0x1d170, 0x1e8bc, 0x1a260, 0x1d138, 0x1e89e, 0x14440, 0x1a230, 0x1d11c, + 0x14420, 0x1a218, 0x14410, 0x14408, 0x146c0, 0x1a370, 0x1d1bc, 0x14660, 0x1a338, 0x1d19e, + 0x14630, 0x1a31c, 0x14618, 0x1460c, 0x14770, 0x1a3bc, 0x14738, 0x1a39e, 0x1471c, 0x147bc, + 0x1a160, 0x1d0b8, 0x1e85e, 0x14240, 0x1a130, 0x1d09c, 0x14220, 0x1a118, 0x1d08e, 0x14210, + 0x1a10c, 0x14208, 0x1a106, 0x14360, 0x1a1b8, 0x1d0de, 0x14330, 0x1a19c, 0x14318, 0x1a18e, + 0x1430c, 0x14306, 0x1a1de, 0x1438e, 0x14140, 0x1a0b0, 0x1d05c, 0x14120, 0x1a098, 0x1d04e, + 0x14110, 0x1a08c, 0x14108, 0x1a086, 0x14104, 0x141b0, 0x14198, 0x1418c, 0x140a0, 0x1d02e, + 0x1a04c, 0x1a046, 0x14082, 0x1cae0, 0x1e578, 0x1f2be, 0x194c0, 0x1ca70, 0x1e53c, 0x19460, + 0x1ca38, 0x1e51e, 0x12840, 0x19430, 0x12820, 0x196e0, 0x1cb78, 0x1e5be, 0x12cc0, 0x19670, + 0x1cb3c, 0x12c60, 0x19638, 0x12c30, 0x12c18, 0x12ee0, 0x19778, 0x1cbbe, 0x12e70, 0x1973c, + 0x12e38, 0x12e1c, 0x12f78, 0x197be, 0x12f3c, 0x12fbe, 0x1dac0, 0x1ed70, 0x1f6bc, 0x1da60, + 0x1ed38, 0x1f69e, 0x1b440, 0x1da30, 0x1ed1c, 0x1b420, 0x1da18, 0x1ed0e, 0x1b410, 0x1da0c, + 0x192c0, 0x1c970, 0x1e4bc, 0x1b6c0, 0x19260, 0x1c938, 0x1e49e, 0x1b660, 0x1db38, 0x1ed9e, + 0x16c40, 0x12420, 0x19218, 0x1c90e, 0x16c20, 0x1b618, 0x16c10, 0x126c0, 0x19370, 0x1c9bc, + 0x16ec0, 0x12660, 0x19338, 0x1c99e, 0x16e60, 0x1b738, 0x1db9e, 0x16e30, 0x12618, 0x16e18, + 0x12770, 0x193bc, 0x16f70, 0x12738, 0x1939e, 0x16f38, 0x1b79e, 0x16f1c, 0x127bc, 0x16fbc, + 0x1279e, 0x16f9e, 0x1d960, 0x1ecb8, 0x1f65e, 0x1b240, 0x1d930, 0x1ec9c, 0x1b220, 0x1d918, + 0x1ec8e, 0x1b210, 0x1d90c, 0x1b208, 0x1b204, 0x19160, 0x1c8b8, 0x1e45e, 0x1b360, 0x19130, + 0x1c89c, 0x16640, 0x12220, 0x1d99c, 0x1c88e, 0x16620, 0x12210, 0x1910c, 0x16610, 0x1b30c, + 0x19106, 0x12204, 0x12360, 0x191b8, 0x1c8de, 0x16760, 0x12330, 0x1919c, 0x16730, 0x1b39c, + 0x1918e, 0x16718, 0x1230c, 0x12306, 0x123b8, 0x191de, 0x167b8, 0x1239c, 0x1679c, 0x1238e, + 0x1678e, 0x167de, 0x1b140, 0x1d8b0, 0x1ec5c, 0x1b120, 0x1d898, 0x1ec4e, 0x1b110, 0x1d88c, + 0x1b108, 0x1d886, 0x1b104, 0x1b102, 0x12140, 0x190b0, 0x1c85c, 0x16340, 0x12120, 0x19098, + 0x1c84e, 0x16320, 0x1b198, 0x1d8ce, 0x16310, 0x12108, 0x19086, 0x16308, 0x1b186, 0x16304, + 0x121b0, 0x190dc, 0x163b0, 0x12198, 0x190ce, 0x16398, 0x1b1ce, 0x1638c, 0x12186, 0x16386, + 0x163dc, 0x163ce, 0x1b0a0, 0x1d858, 0x1ec2e, 0x1b090, 0x1d84c, 0x1b088, 0x1d846, 0x1b084, + 0x1b082, 0x120a0, 0x19058, 0x1c82e, 0x161a0, 0x12090, 0x1904c, 0x16190, 0x1b0cc, 0x19046, + 0x16188, 0x12084, 0x16184, 0x12082, 0x120d8, 0x161d8, 0x161cc, 0x161c6, 0x1d82c, 0x1d826, + 0x1b042, 0x1902c, 0x12048, 0x160c8, 0x160c4, 0x160c2, 0x18ac0, 0x1c570, 0x1e2bc, 0x18a60, + 0x1c538, 0x11440, 0x18a30, 0x1c51c, 0x11420, 0x18a18, 0x11410, 0x11408, 0x116c0, 0x18b70, + 0x1c5bc, 0x11660, 0x18b38, 0x1c59e, 0x11630, 0x18b1c, 0x11618, 0x1160c, 0x11770, 0x18bbc, + 0x11738, 0x18b9e, 0x1171c, 0x117bc, 0x1179e, 0x1cd60, 0x1e6b8, 0x1f35e, 0x19a40, 0x1cd30, + 0x1e69c, 0x19a20, 0x1cd18, 0x1e68e, 0x19a10, 0x1cd0c, 0x19a08, 0x1cd06, 0x18960, 0x1c4b8, + 0x1e25e, 0x19b60, 0x18930, 0x1c49c, 0x13640, 0x11220, 0x1cd9c, 0x1c48e, 0x13620, 0x19b18, + 0x1890c, 0x13610, 0x11208, 0x13608, 0x11360, 0x189b8, 0x1c4de, 0x13760, 0x11330, 0x1cdde, + 0x13730, 0x19b9c, 0x1898e, 0x13718, 0x1130c, 0x1370c, 0x113b8, 0x189de, 0x137b8, 0x1139c, + 0x1379c, 0x1138e, 0x113de, 0x137de, 0x1dd40, 0x1eeb0, 0x1f75c, 0x1dd20, 0x1ee98, 0x1f74e, + 0x1dd10, 0x1ee8c, 0x1dd08, 0x1ee86, 0x1dd04, 0x19940, 0x1ccb0, 0x1e65c, 0x1bb40, 0x19920, + 0x1eedc, 0x1e64e, 0x1bb20, 0x1dd98, 0x1eece, 0x1bb10, 0x19908, 0x1cc86, 0x1bb08, 0x1dd86, + 0x19902, 0x11140, 0x188b0, 0x1c45c, 0x13340, 0x11120, 0x18898, 0x1c44e, 0x17740, 0x13320, + 0x19998, 0x1ccce, 0x17720, 0x1bb98, 0x1ddce, 0x18886, 0x17710, 0x13308, 0x19986, 0x17708, + 0x11102, 0x111b0, 0x188dc, 0x133b0, 0x11198, 0x188ce, 0x177b0, 0x13398, 0x199ce, 0x17798, + 0x1bbce, 0x11186, 0x13386, 0x111dc, 0x133dc, 0x111ce, 0x177dc, 0x133ce, 0x1dca0, 0x1ee58, + 0x1f72e, 0x1dc90, 0x1ee4c, 0x1dc88, 0x1ee46, 0x1dc84, 0x1dc82, 0x198a0, 0x1cc58, 0x1e62e, + 0x1b9a0, 0x19890, 0x1ee6e, 0x1b990, 0x1dccc, 0x1cc46, 0x1b988, 0x19884, 0x1b984, 0x19882, + 0x1b982, 0x110a0, 0x18858, 0x1c42e, 0x131a0, 0x11090, 0x1884c, 0x173a0, 0x13190, 0x198cc, + 0x18846, 0x17390, 0x1b9cc, 0x11084, 0x17388, 0x13184, 0x11082, 0x13182, 0x110d8, 0x1886e, + 0x131d8, 0x110cc, 0x173d8, 0x131cc, 0x110c6, 0x173cc, 0x131c6, 0x110ee, 0x173ee, 0x1dc50, + 0x1ee2c, 0x1dc48, 0x1ee26, 0x1dc44, 0x1dc42, 0x19850, 0x1cc2c, 0x1b8d0, 0x19848, 0x1cc26, + 0x1b8c8, 0x1dc66, 0x1b8c4, 0x19842, 0x1b8c2, 0x11050, 0x1882c, 0x130d0, 0x11048, 0x18826, + 0x171d0, 0x130c8, 0x19866, 0x171c8, 0x1b8e6, 0x11042, 0x171c4, 0x130c2, 0x171c2, 0x130ec, + 0x171ec, 0x171e6, 0x1ee16, 0x1dc22, 0x1cc16, 0x19824, 0x19822, 0x11028, 0x13068, 0x170e8, + 0x11022, 0x13062, 0x18560, 0x10a40, 0x18530, 0x10a20, 0x18518, 0x1c28e, 0x10a10, 0x1850c, + 0x10a08, 0x18506, 0x10b60, 0x185b8, 0x1c2de, 0x10b30, 0x1859c, 0x10b18, 0x1858e, 0x10b0c, + 0x10b06, 0x10bb8, 0x185de, 0x10b9c, 0x10b8e, 0x10bde, 0x18d40, 0x1c6b0, 0x1e35c, 0x18d20, + 0x1c698, 0x18d10, 0x1c68c, 0x18d08, 0x1c686, 0x18d04, 0x10940, 0x184b0, 0x1c25c, 0x11b40, + 0x10920, 0x1c6dc, 0x1c24e, 0x11b20, 0x18d98, 0x1c6ce, 0x11b10, 0x10908, 0x18486, 0x11b08, + 0x18d86, 0x10902, 0x109b0, 0x184dc, 0x11bb0, 0x10998, 0x184ce, 0x11b98, 0x18dce, 0x11b8c, + 0x10986, 0x109dc, 0x11bdc, 0x109ce, 0x11bce, 0x1cea0, 0x1e758, 0x1f3ae, 0x1ce90, 0x1e74c, + 0x1ce88, 0x1e746, 0x1ce84, 0x1ce82, 0x18ca0, 0x1c658, 0x19da0, 0x18c90, 0x1c64c, 0x19d90, + 0x1cecc, 0x1c646, 0x19d88, 0x18c84, 0x19d84, 0x18c82, 0x19d82, 0x108a0, 0x18458, 0x119a0, + 0x10890, 0x1c66e, 0x13ba0, 0x11990, 0x18ccc, 0x18446, 0x13b90, 0x19dcc, 0x10884, 0x13b88, + 0x11984, 0x10882, 0x11982, 0x108d8, 0x1846e, 0x119d8, 0x108cc, 0x13bd8, 0x119cc, 0x108c6, + 0x13bcc, 0x119c6, 0x108ee, 0x119ee, 0x13bee, 0x1ef50, 0x1f7ac, 0x1ef48, 0x1f7a6, 0x1ef44, + 0x1ef42, 0x1ce50, 0x1e72c, 0x1ded0, 0x1ef6c, 0x1e726, 0x1dec8, 0x1ef66, 0x1dec4, 0x1ce42, + 0x1dec2, 0x18c50, 0x1c62c, 0x19cd0, 0x18c48, 0x1c626, 0x1bdd0, 0x19cc8, 0x1ce66, 0x1bdc8, + 0x1dee6, 0x18c42, 0x1bdc4, 0x19cc2, 0x1bdc2, 0x10850, 0x1842c, 0x118d0, 0x10848, 0x18426, + 0x139d0, 0x118c8, 0x18c66, 0x17bd0, 0x139c8, 0x19ce6, 0x10842, 0x17bc8, 0x1bde6, 0x118c2, + 0x17bc4, 0x1086c, 0x118ec, 0x10866, 0x139ec, 0x118e6, 0x17bec, 0x139e6, 0x17be6, 0x1ef28, + 0x1f796, 0x1ef24, 0x1ef22, 0x1ce28, 0x1e716, 0x1de68, 0x1ef36, 0x1de64, 0x1ce22, 0x1de62, + 0x18c28, 0x1c616, 0x19c68, 0x18c24, 0x1bce8, 0x19c64, 0x18c22, 0x1bce4, 0x19c62, 0x1bce2, + 0x10828, 0x18416, 0x11868, 0x18c36, 0x138e8, 0x11864, 0x10822, 0x179e8, 0x138e4, 0x11862, + 0x179e4, 0x138e2, 0x179e2, 0x11876, 0x179f6, 0x1ef12, 0x1de34, 0x1de32, 0x19c34, 0x1bc74, + 0x1bc72, 0x11834, 0x13874, 0x178f4, 0x178f2, 0x10540, 0x10520, 0x18298, 0x10510, 0x10508, + 0x10504, 0x105b0, 0x10598, 0x1058c, 0x10586, 0x105dc, 0x105ce, 0x186a0, 0x18690, 0x1c34c, + 0x18688, 0x1c346, 0x18684, 0x18682, 0x104a0, 0x18258, 0x10da0, 0x186d8, 0x1824c, 0x10d90, + 0x186cc, 0x10d88, 0x186c6, 0x10d84, 0x10482, 0x10d82, 0x104d8, 0x1826e, 0x10dd8, 0x186ee, + 0x10dcc, 0x104c6, 0x10dc6, 0x104ee, 0x10dee, 0x1c750, 0x1c748, 0x1c744, 0x1c742, 0x18650, + 0x18ed0, 0x1c76c, 0x1c326, 0x18ec8, 0x1c766, 0x18ec4, 0x18642, 0x18ec2, 0x10450, 0x10cd0, + 0x10448, 0x18226, 0x11dd0, 0x10cc8, 0x10444, 0x11dc8, 0x10cc4, 0x10442, 0x11dc4, 0x10cc2, + 0x1046c, 0x10cec, 0x10466, 0x11dec, 0x10ce6, 0x11de6, 0x1e7a8, 0x1e7a4, 0x1e7a2, 0x1c728, + 0x1cf68, 0x1e7b6, 0x1cf64, 0x1c722, 0x1cf62, 0x18628, 0x1c316, 0x18e68, 0x1c736, 0x19ee8, + 0x18e64, 0x18622, 0x19ee4, 0x18e62, 0x19ee2, 0x10428, 0x18216, 0x10c68, 0x18636, 0x11ce8, + 0x10c64, 0x10422, 0x13de8, 0x11ce4, 0x10c62, 0x13de4, 0x11ce2, 0x10436, 0x10c76, 0x11cf6, + 0x13df6, 0x1f7d4, 0x1f7d2, 0x1e794, 0x1efb4, 0x1e792, 0x1efb2, 0x1c714, 0x1cf34, 0x1c712, + 0x1df74, 0x1cf32, 0x1df72, 0x18614, 0x18e34, 0x18612, 0x19e74, 0x18e32, 0x1bef4, + ], + [ + 0x1f560, 0x1fab8, 0x1ea40, 0x1f530, 0x1fa9c, 0x1ea20, 0x1f518, 0x1fa8e, 0x1ea10, 0x1f50c, + 0x1ea08, 0x1f506, 0x1ea04, 0x1eb60, 0x1f5b8, 0x1fade, 0x1d640, 0x1eb30, 0x1f59c, 0x1d620, + 0x1eb18, 0x1f58e, 0x1d610, 0x1eb0c, 0x1d608, 0x1eb06, 0x1d604, 0x1d760, 0x1ebb8, 0x1f5de, + 0x1ae40, 0x1d730, 0x1eb9c, 0x1ae20, 0x1d718, 0x1eb8e, 0x1ae10, 0x1d70c, 0x1ae08, 0x1d706, + 0x1ae04, 0x1af60, 0x1d7b8, 0x1ebde, 0x15e40, 0x1af30, 0x1d79c, 0x15e20, 0x1af18, 0x1d78e, + 0x15e10, 0x1af0c, 0x15e08, 0x1af06, 0x15f60, 0x1afb8, 0x1d7de, 0x15f30, 0x1af9c, 0x15f18, + 0x1af8e, 0x15f0c, 0x15fb8, 0x1afde, 0x15f9c, 0x15f8e, 0x1e940, 0x1f4b0, 0x1fa5c, 0x1e920, + 0x1f498, 0x1fa4e, 0x1e910, 0x1f48c, 0x1e908, 0x1f486, 0x1e904, 0x1e902, 0x1d340, 0x1e9b0, + 0x1f4dc, 0x1d320, 0x1e998, 0x1f4ce, 0x1d310, 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0x1f13a, 0x1f37a, 0x1e27a, 0x1e6fa, 0x1c4fa, + 0x1cdfa, 0x189fa, 0x1bae0, 0x1dd78, 0x1eebe, 0x174c0, 0x1ba70, 0x1dd3c, 0x17460, 0x1ba38, + 0x1dd1e, 0x17430, 0x1ba1c, 0x17418, 0x1ba0e, 0x1740c, 0x132e0, 0x19978, 0x1ccbe, 0x176e0, + 0x13270, 0x1993c, 0x17670, 0x1bb3c, 0x1991e, 0x17638, 0x1321c, 0x1761c, 0x1320e, 0x1760e, + 0x11178, 0x188be, 0x13378, 0x1113c, 0x17778, 0x1333c, 0x1111e, 0x1773c, 0x1331e, 0x1771e, + 0x111be, 0x133be, 0x177be, 0x172c0, 0x1b970, 0x1dcbc, 0x17260, 0x1b938, 0x1dc9e, 0x17230, + 0x1b91c, 0x17218, 0x1b90e, 0x1720c, 0x17206, 0x13170, 0x198bc, 0x17370, 0x13138, 0x1989e, + 0x17338, 0x1b99e, 0x1731c, 0x1310e, 0x1730e, 0x110bc, 0x131bc, 0x1109e, 0x173bc, 0x1319e, + 0x1739e, 0x17160, 0x1b8b8, 0x1dc5e, 0x17130, 0x1b89c, 0x17118, 0x1b88e, 0x1710c, 0x17106, + 0x130b8, 0x1985e, 0x171b8, 0x1309c, 0x1719c, 0x1308e, 0x1718e, 0x1105e, 0x130de, 0x171de, + 0x170b0, 0x1b85c, 0x17098, 0x1b84e, 0x1708c, 0x17086, 0x1305c, 0x170dc, 0x1304e, 0x170ce, + 0x17058, 0x1b82e, 0x1704c, 0x17046, 0x1302e, 0x1706e, 0x1702c, 0x17026, 0x10af0, 0x1857c, + 0x10a78, 0x1853e, 0x10a3c, 0x10a1e, 0x10b7c, 0x10b3e, 0x1f0ba, 0x1e17a, 0x1c2fa, 0x185fa, + 0x11ae0, 0x18d78, 0x1c6be, 0x11a70, 0x18d3c, 0x11a38, 0x18d1e, 0x11a1c, 0x11a0e, 0x10978, + 0x184be, 0x11b78, 0x1093c, 0x11b3c, 0x1091e, 0x11b1e, 0x109be, 0x11bbe, 0x13ac0, 0x19d70, + 0x1cebc, 0x13a60, 0x19d38, 0x1ce9e, 0x13a30, 0x19d1c, 0x13a18, 0x19d0e, 0x13a0c, 0x13a06, + 0x11970, 0x18cbc, 0x13b70, 0x11938, 0x18c9e, 0x13b38, 0x1191c, 0x13b1c, 0x1190e, 0x13b0e, + 0x108bc, 0x119bc, 0x1089e, 0x13bbc, 0x1199e, 0x13b9e, 0x1bd60, 0x1deb8, 0x1ef5e, 0x17a40, + 0x1bd30, 0x1de9c, 0x17a20, 0x1bd18, 0x1de8e, 0x17a10, 0x1bd0c, 0x17a08, 0x1bd06, 0x17a04, + 0x13960, 0x19cb8, 0x1ce5e, 0x17b60, 0x13930, 0x19c9c, 0x17b30, 0x1bd9c, 0x19c8e, 0x17b18, + 0x1390c, 0x17b0c, 0x13906, 0x17b06, 0x118b8, 0x18c5e, 0x139b8, 0x1189c, 0x17bb8, 0x1399c, + 0x1188e, 0x17b9c, 0x1398e, 0x17b8e, 0x1085e, 0x118de, 0x139de, 0x17bde, 0x17940, 0x1bcb0, + 0x1de5c, 0x17920, 0x1bc98, 0x1de4e, 0x17910, 0x1bc8c, 0x17908, 0x1bc86, 0x17904, 0x17902, + 0x138b0, 0x19c5c, 0x179b0, 0x13898, 0x19c4e, 0x17998, 0x1bcce, 0x1798c, 0x13886, 0x17986, + 0x1185c, 0x138dc, 0x1184e, 0x179dc, 0x138ce, 0x179ce, 0x178a0, 0x1bc58, 0x1de2e, 0x17890, + 0x1bc4c, 0x17888, 0x1bc46, 0x17884, 0x17882, 0x13858, 0x19c2e, 0x178d8, 0x1384c, 0x178cc, + 0x13846, 0x178c6, 0x1182e, 0x1386e, 0x178ee, 0x17850, 0x1bc2c, 0x17848, 0x1bc26, 0x17844, + 0x17842, 0x1382c, 0x1786c, 0x13826, 0x17866, 0x17828, 0x1bc16, 0x17824, 0x17822, 0x13816, + 0x17836, 0x10578, 0x182be, 0x1053c, 0x1051e, 0x105be, 0x10d70, 0x186bc, 0x10d38, 0x1869e, + 0x10d1c, 0x10d0e, 0x104bc, 0x10dbc, 0x1049e, 0x10d9e, 0x11d60, 0x18eb8, 0x1c75e, 0x11d30, + 0x18e9c, 0x11d18, 0x18e8e, 0x11d0c, 0x11d06, 0x10cb8, 0x1865e, 0x11db8, 0x10c9c, 0x11d9c, + 0x10c8e, 0x11d8e, 0x1045e, 0x10cde, 0x11dde, 0x13d40, 0x19eb0, 0x1cf5c, 0x13d20, 0x19e98, + 0x1cf4e, 0x13d10, 0x19e8c, 0x13d08, 0x19e86, 0x13d04, 0x13d02, 0x11cb0, 0x18e5c, 0x13db0, + 0x11c98, 0x18e4e, 0x13d98, 0x19ece, 0x13d8c, 0x11c86, 0x13d86, 0x10c5c, 0x11cdc, 0x10c4e, + 0x13ddc, 0x11cce, 0x13dce, 0x1bea0, 0x1df58, 0x1efae, 0x1be90, 0x1df4c, 0x1be88, 0x1df46, + 0x1be84, 0x1be82, 0x13ca0, 0x19e58, 0x1cf2e, 0x17da0, 0x13c90, 0x19e4c, 0x17d90, 0x1becc, + 0x19e46, 0x17d88, 0x13c84, 0x17d84, 0x13c82, 0x17d82, 0x11c58, 0x18e2e, 0x13cd8, 0x11c4c, + 0x17dd8, 0x13ccc, 0x11c46, 0x17dcc, 0x13cc6, 0x17dc6, 0x10c2e, 0x11c6e, 0x13cee, 0x17dee, + 0x1be50, 0x1df2c, 0x1be48, 0x1df26, 0x1be44, 0x1be42, 0x13c50, 0x19e2c, 0x17cd0, 0x13c48, + 0x19e26, 0x17cc8, 0x1be66, 0x17cc4, 0x13c42, 0x17cc2, 0x11c2c, 0x13c6c, 0x11c26, 0x17cec, + 0x13c66, 0x17ce6, 0x1be28, 0x1df16, 0x1be24, 0x1be22, 0x13c28, 0x19e16, 0x17c68, 0x13c24, + 0x17c64, 0x13c22, 0x17c62, 0x11c16, 0x13c36, 0x17c76, 0x1be14, 0x1be12, 0x13c14, 0x17c34, + 0x13c12, 0x17c32, 0x102bc, 0x1029e, 0x106b8, 0x1835e, 0x1069c, 0x1068e, 0x1025e, 0x106de, + 0x10eb0, 0x1875c, 0x10e98, 0x1874e, 0x10e8c, 0x10e86, 0x1065c, 0x10edc, 0x1064e, 0x10ece, + 0x11ea0, 0x18f58, 0x1c7ae, 0x11e90, 0x18f4c, 0x11e88, 0x18f46, 0x11e84, 0x11e82, 0x10e58, + 0x1872e, 0x11ed8, 0x18f6e, 0x11ecc, 0x10e46, 0x11ec6, 0x1062e, 0x10e6e, 0x11eee, 0x19f50, + 0x1cfac, 0x19f48, 0x1cfa6, 0x19f44, 0x19f42, 0x11e50, 0x18f2c, 0x13ed0, 0x19f6c, 0x18f26, + 0x13ec8, 0x11e44, 0x13ec4, 0x11e42, 0x13ec2, 0x10e2c, 0x11e6c, 0x10e26, 0x13eec, 0x11e66, + 0x13ee6, 0x1dfa8, 0x1efd6, 0x1dfa4, 0x1dfa2, 0x19f28, 0x1cf96, 0x1bf68, 0x19f24, 0x1bf64, + 0x19f22, 0x1bf62, 0x11e28, 0x18f16, 0x13e68, 0x11e24, 0x17ee8, 0x13e64, 0x11e22, 0x17ee4, + 0x13e62, 0x17ee2, 0x10e16, 0x11e36, 0x13e76, 0x17ef6, 0x1df94, 0x1df92, 0x19f14, 0x1bf34, + 0x19f12, 0x1bf32, 0x11e14, 0x13e34, 0x11e12, 0x17e74, 0x13e32, 0x17e72, 0x1df8a, 0x19f0a, + 0x1bf1a, 0x11e0a, 0x13e1a, 0x17e3a, 0x1035c, 0x1034e, 0x10758, 0x183ae, 0x1074c, 0x10746, + 0x1032e, 0x1076e, 0x10f50, 0x187ac, 0x10f48, 0x187a6, 0x10f44, 0x10f42, 0x1072c, 0x10f6c, + 0x10726, 0x10f66, 0x18fa8, 0x1c7d6, 0x18fa4, 0x18fa2, 0x10f28, 0x18796, 0x11f68, 0x18fb6, + 0x11f64, 0x10f22, 0x11f62, 0x10716, 0x10f36, 0x11f76, 0x1cfd4, 0x1cfd2, 0x18f94, 0x19fb4, + 0x18f92, 0x19fb2, 0x10f14, 0x11f34, 0x10f12, 0x13f74, 0x11f32, 0x13f72, 0x1cfca, 0x18f8a, + 0x19f9a, 0x10f0a, 0x11f1a, 0x13f3a, 0x103ac, 0x103a6, 0x107a8, 0x183d6, 0x107a4, 0x107a2, + 0x10396, 0x107b6, 0x187d4, 0x187d2, 0x10794, 0x10fb4, 0x10792, 0x10fb2, 0x1c7ea, + ], +]; From d9db58a475bbbce59c0536422a2083966482ee1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 21:01:47 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 08/16] feat(databar): spec-compliant, scannable GS1 DataBar RSS-14 (ISO/IEC 24724) Replace the 'simplified' encoder with a real RSS-14 implementation: the standard combinatorial element-width generation, group/checksum tables, and finder patterns, producing the 96-module DataBar Omnidirectional pattern. Verified with ZXing and zbar: 13/14-digit GTINs decode back to the correct (01) GTIN-14. Tables/algorithm ported from zint (BSD-3-Clause). --- src/gs1/databar.rs | 570 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 266 insertions(+), 304 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/gs1/databar.rs b/src/gs1/databar.rs index 1d16e89..1c9db67 100644 --- a/src/gs1/databar.rs +++ b/src/gs1/databar.rs @@ -1,158 +1,156 @@ -//! GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional barcode encoder. +//! GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional (RSS-14) barcode encoder. //! -//! GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional encodes a 14-digit GTIN (Global Trade Item -//! Number). It consists of two halves separated by a finder pattern. -//! -//! This implementation provides GTIN validation, check digit computation, and -//! a simplified encoding of the DataBar structure. +//! Encodes a 13- or 14-digit GTIN into the 96-module GS1 DataBar +//! Omnidirectional linear pattern (ISO/IEC 24724). The element-width +//! generation follows the standard combinatorial algorithm, so the symbol +//! decodes on conforming readers. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] use crate::common::{ buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, }; -// ---- DataBar character set tables ------------------------------------------ - -/// GS1 DataBar uses the RSS-14 character set. -/// Each character consists of 4 elements with a total width of 15 modules. -/// The table maps symbol values (0-115) to their element widths. -/// -/// For simplicity, we encode each character as a sequence of bar/space widths. -/// This implementation provides the structure but uses a simplified encoding. -/// -/// Finder pattern for DataBar Omnidirectional: 3 1 1 1 1 3 -const FINDER_PATTERN: [u8; 6] = [3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3]; // 10 modules +// ---- Tables (ISO/IEC 24724, via zint) -------------------------------------- + +/// Combinations table `C(n, r)` for n = 0..17, r = 0..5. +const COMBINS: [[u16; 6]; 18] = [ + [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], + [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], + [1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1], + [1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1], + [1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 1], + [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1], + [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6], + [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21], + [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56], + [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126], + [1, 10, 45, 120, 210, 252], + [1, 11, 55, 165, 330, 462], + [1, 12, 66, 220, 495, 792], + [1, 13, 78, 286, 715, 1287], + [1, 14, 91, 364, 1001, 2002], + [1, 15, 105, 455, 1365, 3003], + [1, 16, 120, 560, 1820, 4368], + [1, 17, 136, 680, 2380, 6188], +]; -/// DataBar character widths. Each character has 4 elements summing to 15. -/// Table from GS1 DataBar specification (subset of RSS-14). -/// -/// Index = character value (0-115), value = [w1, w2, w3, w4] widths. -/// Characters are encoded as: bar, space, bar, space (alternating). -const DATABAR_TABLE: &[[u8; 4]] = &[ - [1, 1, 1, 12], // 0 - [1, 1, 2, 11], // 1 - [1, 1, 3, 10], // 2 - [1, 1, 4, 9], // 3 - [1, 1, 5, 8], // 4 - [1, 1, 6, 7], // 5 - [1, 1, 7, 6], // 6 - [1, 1, 8, 5], // 7 - [1, 1, 9, 4], // 8 - [1, 1, 10, 3], // 9 - [1, 1, 11, 2], // 10 - [1, 1, 12, 1], // 11 - [1, 2, 1, 11], // 12 - [1, 2, 2, 10], // 13 - [1, 2, 3, 9], // 14 - [1, 2, 4, 8], // 15 - [1, 2, 5, 7], // 16 - [1, 2, 6, 6], // 17 - [1, 2, 7, 5], // 18 - [1, 2, 8, 4], // 19 - [1, 2, 9, 3], // 20 - [1, 2, 10, 2], // 21 - [1, 2, 11, 1], // 22 - [1, 3, 1, 10], // 23 - [1, 3, 2, 9], // 24 - [1, 3, 3, 8], // 25 - [1, 3, 4, 7], // 26 - [1, 3, 5, 6], // 27 - [1, 3, 6, 5], // 28 - [1, 3, 7, 4], // 29 - [1, 3, 8, 3], // 30 - [1, 3, 9, 2], // 31 - [1, 3, 10, 1], // 32 - [1, 4, 1, 9], // 33 - [1, 4, 2, 8], // 34 - [1, 4, 3, 7], // 35 - [1, 4, 4, 6], // 36 - [1, 4, 5, 5], // 37 - [1, 4, 6, 4], // 38 - [1, 4, 7, 3], // 39 - [1, 4, 8, 2], // 40 - [1, 4, 9, 1], // 41 - [1, 5, 1, 8], // 42 - [1, 5, 2, 7], // 43 - [1, 5, 3, 6], // 44 - [1, 5, 4, 5], // 45 - [1, 5, 5, 4], // 46 - [1, 5, 6, 3], // 47 - [1, 5, 7, 2], // 48 - [1, 5, 8, 1], // 49 - [1, 6, 1, 7], // 50 - [1, 6, 2, 6], // 51 - [1, 6, 3, 5], // 52 - [1, 6, 4, 4], // 53 - [1, 6, 5, 3], // 54 - [1, 6, 6, 2], // 55 - [1, 6, 7, 1], // 56 - [1, 7, 1, 6], // 57 - [1, 7, 2, 5], // 58 - [1, 7, 3, 4], // 59 - [1, 7, 4, 3], // 60 - [1, 7, 5, 2], // 61 - [1, 7, 6, 1], // 62 - [1, 8, 1, 5], // 63 - [1, 8, 2, 4], // 64 - [1, 8, 3, 3], // 65 - [1, 8, 4, 2], // 66 - [1, 8, 5, 1], // 67 - [1, 9, 1, 4], // 68 - [1, 9, 2, 3], // 69 - [1, 9, 3, 2], // 70 - [1, 9, 4, 1], // 71 - [1, 10, 1, 3], // 72 - [1, 10, 2, 2], // 73 - [1, 10, 3, 1], // 74 - [1, 11, 1, 2], // 75 - [1, 11, 2, 1], // 76 - [1, 12, 1, 1], // 77 - [2, 1, 1, 11], // 78 - [2, 1, 2, 10], // 79 - [2, 1, 3, 9], // 80 - [2, 1, 4, 8], // 81 - [2, 1, 5, 7], // 82 - [2, 1, 6, 6], // 83 - [2, 1, 7, 5], // 84 - [2, 1, 8, 4], // 85 - [2, 1, 9, 3], // 86 - [2, 1, 10, 2], // 87 - [2, 1, 11, 1], // 88 - [2, 2, 1, 10], // 89 - [2, 2, 2, 9], // 90 - [2, 2, 3, 8], // 91 - [2, 2, 4, 7], // 92 - [2, 2, 5, 6], // 93 - [2, 2, 6, 5], // 94 - [2, 2, 7, 4], // 95 - [2, 2, 8, 3], // 96 - [2, 2, 9, 2], // 97 - [2, 2, 10, 1], // 98 - [2, 3, 1, 9], // 99 - [2, 3, 2, 8], // 100 - [2, 3, 3, 7], // 101 - [2, 3, 4, 6], // 102 - [2, 3, 5, 5], // 103 - [2, 3, 6, 4], // 104 - [2, 3, 7, 3], // 105 - [2, 3, 8, 2], // 106 - [2, 3, 9, 1], // 107 - [2, 4, 1, 8], // 108 - [2, 4, 2, 7], // 109 - [2, 4, 3, 6], // 110 - [2, 4, 4, 5], // 111 - [2, 4, 5, 4], // 112 - [2, 4, 6, 3], // 113 - [2, 4, 7, 2], // 114 - [2, 4, 8, 1], // 115 +/// Group value sums: outside groups 0..4, inside groups 5..8. +const G_SUM: [i32; 9] = [0, 161, 961, 2015, 2715, 0, 336, 1036, 1516]; +/// t-values (even for outside, odd for inside). +const T_EVEN_ODD: [i32; 9] = [1, 10, 34, 70, 126, 4, 20, 48, 81]; +/// Module counts: outside odd, inside odd, outside even, inside even. +const MODULES: [i32; 18] = [12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4]; +/// Widest odd element per group. +const WIDEST: [i32; 9] = [8, 6, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8]; +/// Checksum weights. +const CHECKSUM_WEIGHT: [[i32; 8]; 4] = [ + [1, 3, 9, 27, 2, 6, 18, 54], + [4, 12, 36, 29, 8, 24, 72, 58], + [16, 48, 65, 37, 32, 17, 51, 74], + [64, 34, 23, 69, 49, 68, 46, 59], ]; +/// Finder patterns (5 elements each, 9 patterns). +const FINDER: [[i32; 5]; 9] = [ + [3, 8, 2, 1, 1], + [3, 5, 5, 1, 1], + [3, 3, 7, 1, 1], + [3, 1, 9, 1, 1], + [2, 7, 4, 1, 1], + [2, 5, 6, 1, 1], + [2, 3, 8, 1, 1], + [1, 5, 7, 1, 1], + [1, 3, 9, 1, 1], +]; + +// ---- Element-width generation ---------------------------------------------- + +#[inline] +fn combins(n: i32, r: i32) -> i32 { + if !(0..18).contains(&n) || !(0..6).contains(&r) { + return 0; + } + COMBINS[n as usize][r as usize] as i32 +} + +/// Generate 4 element widths for `val` (ISO/IEC 24724 Annex B). +fn get_widths(widths: &mut [i32; 4], mut val: i32, mut n: i32, max_width: i32, no_narrow: bool) { + const ELEMENTS: i32 = 4; + let mut narrow_mask = 0i32; + let mut bar = 0; + while bar < ELEMENTS - 1 { + let mut elm_width = 1; + narrow_mask |= 1 << bar; + let mut sub_val; + loop { + sub_val = combins(n - elm_width - 1, ELEMENTS - bar - 2); + if no_narrow + && narrow_mask == 0 + && n - elm_width - (ELEMENTS - bar - 1) >= ELEMENTS - bar - 1 + { + sub_val -= combins(n - elm_width - (ELEMENTS - bar), ELEMENTS - bar - 2); + } + if ELEMENTS - bar - 1 > 1 { + let mut less_val = 0; + let mut mxw = n - elm_width - (ELEMENTS - bar - 2); + while mxw > max_width { + less_val += combins(n - elm_width - mxw - 1, ELEMENTS - bar - 3); + mxw -= 1; + } + sub_val -= less_val * (ELEMENTS - 1 - bar); + } else if n - elm_width > max_width { + sub_val -= 1; + } + val -= sub_val; + if val < 0 { + break; + } + elm_width += 1; + narrow_mask &= !(1 << bar); + } + val += sub_val; + n -= elm_width; + widths[bar as usize] = elm_width; + bar += 1; + } + widths[bar as usize] = n; +} + +/// Interleave odd/even element widths into `ret` (8 elements). +fn interleave( + ret: &mut [i32; 8], + v_odd: i32, + v_even: i32, + n_odd: i32, + n_even: i32, + max_width: i32, + no_narrow: bool, +) { + let mut odd = [0i32; 4]; + let mut even = [0i32; 4]; + get_widths(&mut odd, v_odd, n_odd, max_width, no_narrow); + get_widths(&mut even, v_even, n_even, 9 - max_width, !no_narrow); + for i in 0..4 { + ret[i << 1] = odd[i]; + ret[(i << 1) + 1] = even[i]; + } +} + +/// Determine the group index for a data-character value. +fn group(val: i32, outside: bool) -> usize { + let end = 8 >> (outside as i32); + let mut i = if outside { 0 } else { 5 }; + while i < end { + if val < G_SUM[(i + 1) as usize] { + return i as usize; + } + i += 1; + } + i as usize +} // ---- Public encoder -------------------------------------------------------- -/// GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional barcode encoder. -/// -/// Encodes a 13 or 14-digit GTIN. If 13 digits are provided, the check digit -/// is computed automatically. +/// GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional (RSS-14) encoder. /// /// # Example /// @@ -161,10 +159,10 @@ const DATABAR_TABLE: &[[u8; 4]] = &[ /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::gs1::databar::DataBar; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; -/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = DataBar::encode_into("0614141123452", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; +/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = DataBar::encode_into("2001234567890", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; -/// let bars = &buf[..len]; +/// assert_eq!(len, 96); /// ``` pub struct DataBar; @@ -172,9 +170,88 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for DataBar { type Input = str; fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - let digits = parse_and_validate(input)?; - let len = encode_bars(&digits, buf)?; - Ok(Encoded::Linear { len, height: 33 }) + let val = parse(input)?; + + // Left/right pair and four data characters. + let left_pair = (val / 4_537_077) as i32; + let right_pair = (val % 4_537_077) as i32; + let data_char = [ + left_pair / 1597, + left_pair % 1597, + right_pair / 1597, + right_pair % 1597, + ]; + + // Element widths for each data character. + let mut data_widths = [[0i32; 8]; 4]; + for i in 0..4 { + let outside = i % 2 == 0; + let g = group(data_char[i], outside); + let v = data_char[i] - G_SUM[g]; + let v_div = v / T_EVEN_ODD[g]; + let v_mod = v % T_EVEN_ODD[g]; + let (v_odd, v_even) = if outside { + (v_div, v_mod) + } else { + (v_mod, v_div) + }; + interleave( + &mut data_widths[i], + v_odd, + v_even, + MODULES[g], + MODULES[g + 9], + WIDEST[g], + !outside, + ); + } + + // Checksum → two check characters selecting the finder patterns. + let mut checksum = 0; + for i in 0..4 { + for j in 0..8 { + checksum += CHECKSUM_WEIGHT[i][j] * data_widths[i][j]; + } + } + checksum %= 79; + if checksum >= 8 { + checksum += 1; + } + if checksum >= 72 { + checksum += 1; + } + let c_left = (checksum / 9) as usize; + let c_right = (checksum % 9) as usize; + + // Assemble the 46 element widths (guards, data, finders). + let mut tw = [0i32; 46]; + tw[0] = 1; + tw[1] = 1; + tw[44] = 1; + tw[45] = 1; + for i in 0..8 { + tw[i + 2] = data_widths[0][i]; + tw[i + 15] = data_widths[1][7 - i]; + tw[i + 23] = data_widths[3][i]; + tw[i + 36] = data_widths[2][7 - i]; + } + for i in 0..5 { + tw[i + 10] = FINDER[c_left][i]; + tw[i + 31] = FINDER[c_right][4 - i]; + } + + // Render: alternate light/dark starting with light (96 modules). + let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); + let mut dark = false; + for &width in &tw { + w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; + dark = !dark; + } + + Ok(Encoded::Linear { + len: w.len(), + height: 33, + }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -184,143 +261,46 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for DataBar { // ---- Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------- -fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 14], EncodeError> { - let trimmed = input.trim(); - if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { +/// GS1 mod-10 check digit over `digits` (weights 3,1,3,1,… from the right). +fn gs1_check_digit(digits: &[u8]) -> u8 { + let mut sum = 0u32; + for (i, &d) in digits.iter().rev().enumerate() { + sum += d as u32 * if i % 2 == 0 { 3 } else { 1 }; + } + ((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10) as u8 +} + +/// Parse the input into the 13-digit numeric value that RSS-14 encodes. +fn parse(input: &str) -> Result { + let t = input.trim(); + if !t.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( "GS1 DataBar input must contain digits only", )); } - - match trimmed.len() { - 13 => { - let mut digits = [0u8; 14]; - // Pad with leading zero - digits[0] = 0; - for (i, c) in trimmed.chars().enumerate() { - digits[i + 1] = c as u8 - b'0'; - } - // Recompute check digit for 14-digit GTIN - digits[13] = gtin_check_digit(&digits[..13]); - Ok(digits) - } + let bytes = t.as_bytes(); + let digits13: &[u8] = match bytes.len() { + 13 => bytes, 14 => { - let mut digits = [0u8; 14]; - for (i, c) in trimmed.chars().enumerate() { - digits[i] = c as u8 - b'0'; + let d: [u8; 14] = core::array::from_fn(|i| bytes[i] - b'0'); + if gs1_check_digit(&d[..13]) != d[13] { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( + "GS1 DataBar check digit mismatch", + )); } - let expected = gtin_check_digit(&digits[..13]); - if digits[13] != expected { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("GTIN check digit mismatch")); - } - Ok(digits) + &bytes[..13] } - _ => Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "GS1 DataBar input must be 13 or 14 digits", - )), - } -} - -/// Compute GS1 GTIN-14 check digit using the standard GS1 algorithm. -pub(crate) fn gtin_check_digit(digits: &[u8]) -> u8 { - let sum: u32 = digits - .iter() - .enumerate() - .map(|(i, &d)| { - // From right to left (excluding check): odd positions ×3, even ×1 - // digits has 13 elements; last is position 0 from right - let from_right = digits.len() - i; // 13 down to 1 - let weight = if from_right.is_multiple_of(2) { - 1u32 - } else { - 3u32 - }; - weight * d as u32 - }) - .sum(); - ((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10) as u8 -} - -/// Encode the DataBar barcode. -/// -/// DataBar Omnidirectional structure: -/// - Left guard (1 module dark) -/// - Left pair: left character + finder + right character -/// - Separator (dark) -/// - Right pair: left character + finder + right character -/// - Right guard (1 module dark) -fn encode_bars(digits: &[u8; 14], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - // Compute the numerical value of the GTIN - let mut value: u64 = 0; - for &d in digits.iter() { - value = value * 10 + d as u64; - } - - // DataBar encodes the GTIN as two halves - // Left half = value / 4537077, right half = value % 4537077 - let left_value = value / 4_537_077; - let right_value = value % 4_537_077; - - let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - - // Encode left half - encode_half(&mut w, left_value, true)?; - - // Separator (1 narrow space) - w.push(false)?; - - // Encode right half - encode_half(&mut w, right_value, false)?; - - Ok(w.len()) -} - -/// Encode one half of a DataBar Omnidirectional symbol. -fn encode_half(w: &mut SliceWriter, value: u64, is_left: bool) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - // Left guard: 1 dark bar - if is_left { - w.push(true)?; - } - - // Compute character values from GTIN half value - // Each half has 2 data characters + finder pattern - let char_a = (value / 1349) as usize % 116; - let char_b = (value % 1349) as usize; - let char_b = if char_b >= 116 { 115 } else { char_b }; - - // Encode character A - encode_databar_char(w, char_a, true)?; - - // Finder pattern - let mut dark = false; - for &width in &FINDER_PATTERN { - w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; - dark = !dark; - } - - // Encode character B - encode_databar_char(w, char_b, false)?; - - // Right guard: 1 dark bar - if !is_left { - w.push(true)?; - } - - Ok(()) -} - -fn encode_databar_char( - w: &mut SliceWriter, - idx: usize, - start_dark: bool, -) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - let pattern = &DATABAR_TABLE[idx.min(DATABAR_TABLE.len() - 1)]; - let mut dark = start_dark; - for &width in pattern.iter() { - w.push_run(dark, width as usize)?; - dark = !dark; + _ => { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( + "GS1 DataBar input must be 13 or 14 digits", + )); + } + }; + let mut val = 0u64; + for &b in digits13 { + val = val * 10 + (b - b'0') as u64; } - Ok(()) + Ok(val) } // ---- Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -329,15 +309,8 @@ fn encode_databar_char( mod tests { use super::*; - #[test] - fn test_gtin_check_digit() { - // Known GTIN-14: 00614141123452 - let digits: [u8; 13] = [0, 0, 6, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; - assert_eq!(gtin_check_digit(&digits), 2); - } - fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; + let mut buf = [false; 128]; match DataBar::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, _ => panic!("expected linear"), @@ -345,31 +318,20 @@ mod tests { } #[test] - fn test_encode_14_digits() { - assert!(encode_len("00614141123452") > 0); - } - - #[test] - fn test_encode_13_digits_auto_check() { - assert!(encode_len("0061414112345") > 0); - } - - #[test] - fn test_invalid_check_digit() { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; - assert!(DataBar::encode_into("00614141123453", &mut buf).is_err()); + fn test_encode_13_digits() { + assert_eq!(encode_len("2001234567890"), 96); } #[test] fn test_invalid_chars() { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; - assert!(DataBar::encode_into("0061414112345X", &mut buf).is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(DataBar::encode_into("200123456789X", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_wrong_length() { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; - assert!(DataBar::encode_into("0061414", &mut buf).is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 128]; + assert!(DataBar::encode_into("12345", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -380,7 +342,7 @@ mod tests { #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { - let svg = DataBar::encode("00614141123452").unwrap().to_svg_string(); + let svg = DataBar::encode("2001234567890").unwrap().to_svg_string(); assert!(svg.starts_with(" Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 21:10:15 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 09/16] feat(aztec): spec-compliant, scannable Aztec Code (ISO/IEC 24778) Replace the 'simplified' encoder with a real implementation: Binary Shift high-level encoding, Reed-Solomon over the Aztec Galois fields (GF(64/256/ 1024) + GF(16) for the mode message), bit stuffing, and the standard bull's-eye / mode-message / spiral layout with alignment grid. Compact (1-4 layers) and full-range (1-12 layers) symbols. Verified with ZXing (ZXingReader): text and URL inputs decode back to the exact input. Layout/RS ported from ZXing (Apache-2.0). --- src/twod/aztec.rs | 656 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 385 insertions(+), 271 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/twod/aztec.rs b/src/twod/aztec.rs index 4a29070..534bd5f 100644 --- a/src/twod/aztec.rs +++ b/src/twod/aztec.rs @@ -1,210 +1,298 @@ //! Aztec Code barcode encoder. //! -//! Aztec Code is a 2D matrix barcode used for transportation tickets and other -//! applications. It has a distinctive bull's-eye finder pattern at the center. -//! -//! # Structure -//! -//! - Central finder pattern: concentric squares (bull's-eye) -//! - Mode message surrounding the finder pattern -//! - Data encoded in layers spiraling outward from the center -//! - Reed-Solomon error correction -//! -//! # Sizes -//! -//! - Compact Aztec: 1–4 layers (15×15 to 27×27 minus corners) -//! - Full-range Aztec: 1–32 layers +//! Aztec Code is a 2D matrix barcode used for transport tickets and other +//! applications. This encoder uses Binary Shift high-level encoding (universal +//! — any bytes), Reed-Solomon over the Aztec Galois fields, and the standard +//! bull's-eye / mode-message / spiral layout (ISO/IEC 24778), so the output +//! decodes on conforming readers. Compact (1–4 layers) and full-range +//! (1–12 layers) symbols are supported. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; -// ---- Fixed capacity bounds (compact Aztec, up to 4 layers) ----------------- - -/// Largest supported compact symbol dimension (`11 + 4 * 4`). -const MAX_SIZE: usize = 27; -/// Largest supported module count (`MAX_SIZE²`). -const MAX_CELLS: usize = MAX_SIZE * MAX_SIZE; -/// Ceiling on data codewords (compact Aztec tops out at 40 for 4 layers). -const MAX_DATA_CW: usize = 64; -/// Ceiling on error-correction codewords. -const MAX_EC: usize = 32; -/// Ceiling on combined data+EC bits. -const MAX_BITS: usize = (MAX_DATA_CW + MAX_EC) * 6; -/// Ceiling on intermediate upper-case/byte-mode bits from text encoding. -const MAX_TEXT_BITS: usize = MAX_DATA_CW * 8 + 8; - -// ---- GF(2^n) Reed-Solomon -------------------------------------------------- - -/// GF(64) operations (primitive polynomial x^6 + x + 1 = 0x43). -fn gf64_mul(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 { - let mut result = 0u8; - let mut aa = a & 0x3F; - let mut bb = b & 0x3F; - while bb > 0 { - if bb & 1 != 0 { - result ^= aa; +// ---- Bounds ---------------------------------------------------------------- + +const MAX_LAYERS_FULL: usize = 12; +const MAX_BITS: usize = 4096; +const MAX_WORDS: usize = 1024; +const MAX_EC: usize = 512; +const MAX_MATRIX: usize = 67; +/// Largest module count (used to size test buffers). +#[cfg(test)] +const MAX_CELLS: usize = MAX_MATRIX * MAX_MATRIX; + +/// Word size (bits per codeword) indexed by layer count. +const WORD_SIZE: [usize; 33] = [ + 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 12, 12, 12, + 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, +]; + +// ---- Galois field GF(2^m) -------------------------------------------------- + +struct Gf { + exp: [u16; 8192], + log: [u16; 4096], +} + +impl Gf { + /// Build exp/log tables for GF(2^m) with the given `primitive` and `size`. + fn new(primitive: u16, size: usize) -> Gf { + let mut gf = Gf { + exp: [0; 8192], + log: [0; 4096], + }; + let mut x = 1u32; + for i in 0..size - 1 { + gf.exp[i] = x as u16; + gf.log[x as usize] = i as u16; + x <<= 1; + if x >= size as u32 { + x ^= primitive as u32; + } + } + // Duplicate to avoid modulo on multiply. + for i in 0..size - 1 { + gf.exp[size - 1 + i] = gf.exp[i]; + } + gf + } + + #[inline] + fn mul(&self, a: u16, b: u16) -> u16 { + if a == 0 || b == 0 { + 0 + } else { + self.exp[self.log[a as usize] as usize + self.log[b as usize] as usize] } - aa = (aa << 1) ^ if aa & 0x20 != 0 { 0x43 } else { 0 }; - bb >>= 1; } - result & 0x3F } -/// RS encode using GF(64) for data (6-bit codewords) into `out[..ec_count]`. -fn rs_data(data: &[u8], ec_count: usize, out: &mut [u8]) { - let mut rem_buf = [0u8; MAX_EC]; - let remainder = &mut rem_buf[..ec_count]; - for &d in data { - let d = d & 0x3F; - let lead = d ^ remainder[0]; - remainder.copy_within(1.., 0); - remainder[ec_count - 1] = 0; - if lead != 0 { - for coef in remainder.iter_mut() { - *coef ^= gf64_mul(lead, *coef); +/// GF for a given word size (ISO/IEC 24778 / ZXing GenericGF primitives). +fn field_for(word_size: usize) -> Gf { + match word_size { + 4 => Gf::new(0x13, 16), + 6 => Gf::new(0x43, 64), + 8 => Gf::new(0x12d, 256), + 10 => Gf::new(0x409, 1024), + _ => Gf::new(0x1069, 4096), + } +} + +/// Reed-Solomon encode: `words[..data_len]` are data, EC written to the next +/// `ec` slots (generator roots a^1..a^ec, generatorBase = 1). +fn rs_encode(gf: &Gf, words: &mut [u16], data_len: usize, ec: usize) { + // Monic generator g(x) = ∏_{i=1}^{ec} (x - a^i). + let mut genp = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; + genp[0] = 1; + for i in 0..ec { + let root = gf.exp[1 + i]; + let cur = i + 1; // current generator length before this multiply + let mut ng = [0u16; MAX_EC + 1]; + for j in 0..cur { + ng[j] ^= genp[j]; + ng[j + 1] ^= gf.mul(genp[j], root); + } + genp[..cur + 1].copy_from_slice(&ng[..cur + 1]); + } + // Synthetic division; remainder is the EC codewords. + let mut rem = [0u16; MAX_EC]; + #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] + for i in 0..data_len { + let factor = words[i] ^ rem[0]; + for k in 0..ec - 1 { + rem[k] = rem[k + 1]; + } + rem[ec - 1] = 0; + if factor != 0 { + for k in 0..ec { + rem[k] ^= gf.mul(factor, genp[k + 1]); } } } - out[..ec_count].copy_from_slice(remainder); + words[data_len..data_len + ec].copy_from_slice(&rem[..ec]); } -// ---- Text encoding --------------------------------------------------------- +// ---- Bit buffer ------------------------------------------------------------ -/// Encode ASCII text into 6-bit Aztec code data codewords in `out`. -/// -/// Uses the standard Aztec upper-case mode encoding; characters not in the -/// upper-case set fall back to byte encoding. Returns the codeword count. -fn encode_text(input: &str, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result { - let mut bits = [false; MAX_TEXT_BITS]; - let mut nbits = 0; - let mut push_bits = |value: u32, width: u32| -> Result<(), EncodeError> { - for bit in (0..width).rev() { - *bits.get_mut(nbits).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = (value >> bit) & 1 != 0; - nbits += 1; +struct Bits { + bits: [bool; MAX_BITS], + len: usize, +} + +impl Bits { + fn new() -> Bits { + Bits { + bits: [false; MAX_BITS], + len: 0, } + } + fn push(&mut self, b: bool) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + *self + .bits + .get_mut(self.len) + .ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = b; + self.len += 1; Ok(()) - }; - - for &b in input.as_bytes() { - // Upper-case mode: space=1, A-Z=2..27, .=28, ,=29, :=30, CR=31 - let code: Option = match b { - b' ' => Some(1), - b'A'..=b'Z' => Some(b - b'A' + 2), - b'a'..=b'z' => Some(b - b'a' + 2), // treat as uppercase - b'.' => Some(28), - b',' => Some(29), - b':' => Some(30), - b'\r' => Some(31), - _ => None, - }; - - if let Some(c) = code { - push_bits(c as u32, 5)?; // 5-bit upper-case character - } else { - // Shift to byte mode (code 31 in upper) then 8-bit byte. - push_bits(31, 5)?; - push_bits(b as u32, 8)?; + } + fn push_bits(&mut self, value: u32, count: u32) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + for i in (0..count).rev() { + self.push((value >> i) & 1 == 1)?; } + Ok(()) } +} - // Pad to a multiple of 6 bits (pad with 1). - while !nbits.is_multiple_of(6) { - *bits.get_mut(nbits).ok_or(EncodeError::DataTooLong)? = true; - nbits += 1; - } +// ---- Aztec geometry helpers ------------------------------------------------ - // Pack into 6-bit codewords. - let count = nbits / 6; - if count > out.len() { - return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); - } - for (i, cw) in out[..count].iter_mut().enumerate() { - let mut acc = 0u8; - for j in 0..6 { - acc = (acc << 1) | bits[i * 6 + j] as u8; +fn total_bits_in_layer(layers: usize, compact: bool) -> usize { + ((if compact { 88 } else { 112 }) + 16 * layers) * layers +} + +/// Stuff bits into `out`: split into words, avoid all-0 / all-1 words. +fn stuff_bits(input: &Bits, word_size: usize, out: &mut Bits) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let n = input.len; + let mask = (1u32 << word_size) - 2; + let mut i = 0isize; + while (i as usize) < n { + let mut word = 0u32; + for j in 0..word_size { + let idx = i + j as isize; + if idx as usize >= n || input.bits[idx as usize] { + word |= 1 << (word_size - 1 - j); + } } - *cw = acc; + if word & mask == mask { + out.push_bits(word & mask, word_size as u32)?; + i -= 1; + } else if word & mask == 0 { + out.push_bits(word | 1, word_size as u32)?; + i -= 1; + } else { + out.push_bits(word, word_size as u32)?; + } + i += word_size as isize; } - Ok(count) + Ok(()) } -// ---- Compact Aztec finder pattern ------------------------------------------ - -/// Build the compact Aztec bull's-eye finder pattern centered in a grid. -fn place_compact_finder(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, center: usize) { - // Concentric squares: 6 rings (alternating dark/light from center out). - for ring in 0..=5i32 { - let dark = ring % 2 == 0; // inner ring (0) is dark - let val = if dark { 1i8 } else { 0i8 }; - let r_start = (center as i32 - ring).max(0) as usize; - let r_end = (center as i32 + ring).min(size as i32 - 1) as usize; - for r in r_start..=r_end { - for c in r_start..=r_end { - if r == r_start || r == r_end || c == r_start || c == r_end { - grid[r * size + c] = val; - } +/// Reed-Solomon check-word generation over the message bit stream. +fn generate_check_words( + input: &Bits, + total_bits: usize, + word_size: usize, + out: &mut Bits, +) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let message_words = input.len / word_size; + let total_words = total_bits / word_size; + let gf = field_for(word_size); + + let mut words = [0u16; MAX_WORDS]; + #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] + for i in 0..message_words { + let mut v = 0u16; + for j in 0..word_size { + if input.bits[i * word_size + j] { + v |= 1 << (word_size - j - 1); } } + words[i] = v; } - // Reference grid mark (bottom-right quadrant dark cell) - if center + 1 < size { - grid[(center + 1) * size + (center + 1)] = 1; + rs_encode(&gf, &mut words, message_words, total_words - message_words); + + let start_pad = total_bits % word_size; + out.push_bits(0, start_pad as u32)?; + for &w in &words[..total_words] { + out.push_bits(w as u32, word_size as u32)?; } + Ok(()) } -/// Place the orientation marks for compact Aztec. -fn place_compact_orientation(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, center: usize) { - // Three dark modules on the top-left arc, one light reference bottom-right. - let c = center; - grid[(c - 5) * size + (c - 5)] = 1; - grid[(c - 5) * size + (c - 4)] = 1; - grid[(c - 4) * size + (c - 5)] = 1; - grid[(c + 5) * size + (c + 5)] = 0; +/// Generate the mode message bits (layers/word count + its own RS). +fn generate_mode_message( + compact: bool, + layers: usize, + message_words: usize, + out: &mut Bits, +) -> Result<(), EncodeError> { + let mut m = Bits::new(); + if compact { + m.push_bits((layers - 1) as u32, 2)?; + m.push_bits((message_words - 1) as u32, 6)?; + generate_check_words(&m, 28, 4, out)?; + } else { + m.push_bits((layers - 1) as u32, 5)?; + m.push_bits((message_words - 1) as u32, 11)?; + generate_check_words(&m, 40, 4, out)?; + } + Ok(()) } -// ---- Compact Aztec encoder ------------------------------------------------- +// ---- Matrix drawing -------------------------------------------------------- -/// Encode data bits into a single compact Aztec layer spiraling outward. -fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bits: &[bool]) { - let center = size / 2; - // Layer 1 starts at distance 6 from center (outside the 11×11 finder) - let start = center as i32 - 5 - layer as i32; - let end = center as i32 + 5 + layer as i32; +struct Matrix<'a> { + buf: &'a mut [bool], + size: usize, +} - if start < 0 || end >= size as i32 { - return; +impl Matrix<'_> { + #[inline] + fn set(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) { + self.buf[y * self.size + x] = true; } +} - let mut bit_idx = 0; - let s = start as usize; - let e = end as usize; - - // Top row (left to right) - for c in s..=e { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[s * size + c] < 0 { - grid[s * size + c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; - bit_idx += 1; +fn draw_bulls_eye(m: &mut Matrix, center: usize, size: usize) { + let mut i = 0; + while i < size { + for j in (center - i)..=(center + i) { + m.set(j, center - i); + m.set(j, center + i); + m.set(center - i, j); + m.set(center + i, j); } + i += 2; } - // Right column (top+1 to bottom) - for r in s + 1..=e { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r * size + e] < 0 { - grid[r * size + e] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; - bit_idx += 1; - } - } - // Bottom row (right-1 to left) - for c in (s..e).rev() { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[e * size + c] < 0 { - grid[e * size + c] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; - bit_idx += 1; + m.set(center - size, center - size); + m.set(center - size + 1, center - size); + m.set(center - size, center - size + 1); + m.set(center + size, center - size); + m.set(center + size, center - size + 1); + m.set(center + size, center + size - 1); +} + +fn draw_mode_message(m: &mut Matrix, compact: bool, size: usize, mode: &Bits) { + let center = size / 2; + if compact { + for i in 0..7 { + let offset = center - 3 + i; + if mode.bits[i] { + m.set(offset, center - 5); + } + if mode.bits[i + 7] { + m.set(center + 5, offset); + } + if mode.bits[20 - i] { + m.set(offset, center + 5); + } + if mode.bits[27 - i] { + m.set(center - 5, offset); + } } - } - // Left column (bottom-1 to top+1) - for r in (s + 1..e).rev() { - if bit_idx < data_bits.len() && grid[r * size + s] < 0 { - grid[r * size + s] = data_bits[bit_idx] as i8; - bit_idx += 1; + } else { + for i in 0..10 { + let offset = center - 5 + i + i / 5; + if mode.bits[i] { + m.set(offset, center - 7); + } + if mode.bits[i + 10] { + m.set(center + 7, offset); + } + if mode.bits[29 - i] { + m.set(offset, center + 7); + } + if mode.bits[39 - i] { + m.set(center - 7, offset); + } } } } @@ -213,10 +301,6 @@ fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bits: &[ /// Aztec Code barcode encoder. /// -/// Encodes text into a compact Aztec Code symbol. Automatically selects the -/// number of layers based on data length. Uses error correction sufficient -/// for standard use. -/// /// # Example /// /// ```rust @@ -224,7 +308,7 @@ fn place_compact_layer(grid: &mut [i8], size: usize, layer: usize, data_bits: &[ /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::twod::aztec::Aztec; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 27 * 27]; +/// let mut buf = [false; 67 * 67]; /// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = Aztec::encode_into("AZTEC", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; /// assert_eq!(width, height); @@ -235,84 +319,143 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Aztec { type Input = str; fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - if input.is_empty() { + let data = input.as_bytes(); + if data.is_empty() { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("Aztec input must not be empty")); } - let mut data_cw = [0u8; MAX_DATA_CW]; - let data_len = encode_text(input, &mut data_cw)?; - if data_len == 0 { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("no encodable data found")); + // High-level: single Binary Shift run of the whole input (from UPPER). + let mut bits = Bits::new(); + bits.push_bits(31, 5)?; // B/S latch + let count = data.len(); + if count <= 31 { + bits.push_bits(count as u32, 5)?; + } else { + bits.push_bits(0, 5)?; + bits.push_bits((count - 31) as u32, 11)?; + } + for &b in data { + bits.push_bits(b as u32, 8)?; } - // Choose number of compact layers (1-4) based on data size. - let layers = match data_len { - 0..=4 => 1, - 5..=11 => 2, - 12..=22 => 3, - 23..=40 => 4, - _ => return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong), - }; + // Choose the smallest symbol that fits (compact 1-4, then full 1-12). + let ecc_bits = bits.len * 23 / 100 + 11; // ~23% ECC + let total_size_bits = bits.len + ecc_bits; + + let mut compact = true; + let mut layers = 0; + let mut word_size = 0; + let mut total_bits_layer = 0; + let mut stuffed = Bits::new(); + let mut found = false; + for i in 0..=(MAX_LAYERS_FULL + 3) { + compact = i <= 3; + layers = if compact { i + 1 } else { i }; + if !compact && layers > MAX_LAYERS_FULL { + break; + } + total_bits_layer = total_bits_in_layer(layers, compact); + if total_size_bits > total_bits_layer { + continue; + } + if word_size != WORD_SIZE[layers] { + word_size = WORD_SIZE[layers]; + stuffed = Bits::new(); + stuff_bits(&bits, word_size, &mut stuffed)?; + } + let usable = total_bits_layer - (total_bits_layer % word_size); + if compact && stuffed.len > word_size * 64 { + continue; + } + if stuffed.len + ecc_bits <= usable { + found = true; + break; + } + } + if !found { + return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); + } + + // Message bits (data + Reed-Solomon check words) and mode message. + let mut message = Bits::new(); + generate_check_words(&stuffed, total_bits_layer, word_size, &mut message)?; + let message_words = stuffed.len / word_size; + let mut mode = Bits::new(); + generate_mode_message(compact, layers, message_words, &mut mode)?; + + // Allocate the symbol and the alignment map. + let base = (if compact { 11 } else { 14 }) + layers * 4; + let mut amap = [0usize; MAX_MATRIX]; + let size; + if compact { + size = base; + for (i, slot) in amap.iter_mut().enumerate().take(base) { + *slot = i; + } + } else { + size = base + 1 + 2 * ((base / 2 - 1) / 15); + let orig_center = base / 2; + let center = size / 2; + for i in 0..orig_center { + let new_offset = i + i / 15; + amap[orig_center - i - 1] = center - new_offset - 1; + amap[orig_center + i] = center + new_offset + 1; + } + } - let size = 11 + layers * 4; // compact Aztec size let cells = size * size; if buf.len() < cells { return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); } - - let mut grid = [-1i8; MAX_CELLS]; - let center = size / 2; - - // Place finder pattern - place_compact_finder(&mut grid, size, center); - - // Place orientation marks - if center >= 5 { - place_compact_orientation(&mut grid, size, center); + for slot in buf[..cells].iter_mut() { + *slot = false; } - - // Compute RS error correction for data (using ~23% EC). - let ec_count = (data_len / 4).max(2); - let mut ec = [0u8; MAX_EC]; - rs_data(&data_cw[..data_len], ec_count, &mut ec); - - // Expand combined data + EC codewords into bits (6 bits each). - let total_cw = data_len + ec_count; - let mut data_bits = [false; MAX_BITS]; - let nbits = total_cw * 6; - for i in 0..total_cw { - let cw = if i < data_len { - data_cw[i] - } else { - ec[i - data_len] - }; - for j in 0..6 { - data_bits[i * 6 + j] = (cw >> (5 - j)) & 1 != 0; - } - } - let data_bits = &data_bits[..nbits]; - - // Place data in layers. - for layer in 1..=layers { - let layer_bits_start = (layer - 1) * (nbits / layers); - let layer_bits_end = if layer == layers { - nbits - } else { - layer * (nbits / layers) - }; - if layer_bits_start < nbits { - place_compact_layer( - &mut grid, - size, - layer, - &data_bits[layer_bits_start..layer_bits_end.min(nbits)], - ); + let mut m = Matrix { buf, size }; + + // Draw the data bits in the spiral. + let mut row_offset = 0; + for i in 0..layers { + let row_size = (layers - i) * 4 + if compact { 9 } else { 12 }; + for j in 0..row_size { + let column_offset = j * 2; + for k in 0..2 { + if message.bits[row_offset + column_offset + k] { + m.set(amap[i * 2 + k], amap[i * 2 + j]); + } + if message.bits[row_offset + row_size * 2 + column_offset + k] { + m.set(amap[i * 2 + j], amap[base - 1 - i * 2 - k]); + } + if message.bits[row_offset + row_size * 4 + column_offset + k] { + m.set(amap[base - 1 - i * 2 - k], amap[base - 1 - i * 2 - j]); + } + if message.bits[row_offset + row_size * 6 + column_offset + k] { + m.set(amap[base - 1 - i * 2 - j], amap[i * 2 + k]); + } + } } + row_offset += row_size * 8; } - // Fill the caller buffer (any -1 cell → light). - for i in 0..cells { - buf[i] = grid[i] == 1; + // Draw the mode message and bull's-eye / reference grid. + draw_mode_message(&mut m, compact, size, &mode); + if compact { + draw_bulls_eye(&mut m, size / 2, 5); + } else { + draw_bulls_eye(&mut m, size / 2, 7); + let mut i = 0; + let mut j = 0; + while i < base / 2 - 1 { + let mut k = (size / 2) & 1; + while k < size { + m.set(size / 2 - j, k); + m.set(size / 2 + j, k); + m.set(k, size / 2 - j); + m.set(k, size / 2 + j); + k += 2; + } + i += 15; + j += 16; + } } Ok(Encoded::Matrix { @@ -345,21 +488,13 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn test_encode_basic() { let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; - assert!(encode("AZTEC", &mut buf) >= 15); // compact layer 1 = 15 + assert!(encode("AZTEC", &mut buf) >= 15); } #[test] - fn test_encode_short() { + fn test_encode_longer() { let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; - assert!(encode("A", &mut buf) >= 15); - } - - #[test] - fn test_finder_pattern_center_is_dark() { - let mut buf = [false; MAX_CELLS]; - let size = encode("HI", &mut buf); - let center = size / 2; - assert!(buf[center * size + center], "center must be dark"); + assert!(encode("Hello, Aztec Code! 1234567890", &mut buf) >= 15); } #[test] @@ -368,36 +503,15 @@ mod tests { assert!(Aztec::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); } - #[test] - fn test_buffer_too_small() { - let mut buf = [false; 16]; - assert_eq!( - Aztec::encode_into("A", &mut buf), - Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall) - ); - } - #[test] fn test_symbology_name() { assert_eq!(Aztec::symbology_name(), "Aztec Code"); } - #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] - #[test] - fn test_svg_output() { - let svg = Aztec::encode("Test").unwrap().to_svg_string(); - assert!(svg.starts_with(" Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 00:40:14 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 10/16] feat(postal): spec-compliant IMb & RM4SCC 4-state barcodes Rewrite the postal encoders to their real specifications, emitting a 3-row matrix (ascender / tracker / descender) instead of a placeholder linear pattern. - IMb (USPS-B-3200): u128 field accumulation, 11-bit CRC frame check, base-636/1365 codeword conversion and Appendix D character/bar tables. Verified bit-for-bit against the canonical DAFT reference vector. - RM4SCC: KRSET alphabet, per-character 4-bar states, top/bottom check-character derivation, start/stop bars. Tables ported from zint. All 147 tests pass; clippy clean on --no-default-features and --all-features; rustfmt clean. --- src/postal/imb.rs | 341 ++++++++++++++++++----------------- src/postal/imb_table.rs | 98 +++++++++++ src/postal/mod.rs | 1 + src/postal/rm4scc.rs | 381 ++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 4 files changed, 457 insertions(+), 364 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/postal/imb_table.rs diff --git a/src/postal/imb.rs b/src/postal/imb.rs index 0a15a15..98c3ac1 100644 --- a/src/postal/imb.rs +++ b/src/postal/imb.rs @@ -1,129 +1,51 @@ -//! USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode (IMb) encoder. +//! USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode (IMb / OneCode) encoder. //! -//! The Intelligent Mail Barcode encodes a 20-digit or 31-digit tracking -//! number into 65 bars, each of which can take one of four states: -//! -//! - **F** (Full bar): ascender + tracker + descender -//! - **A** (Ascender): tracker + ascender -//! - **D** (Descender): tracker + descender -//! - **T** (Tracker): tracker only -//! -//! The encoding uses a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) approach and the USPS -//! CRES table to convert the 65-digit binary number to bar states. -//! -//! This implementation follows the USPS IMb specification (Publication 197). +//! Encodes a 20-digit tracking code and an optional routing (ZIP) code of 0, 5, +//! 9 or 11 digits into the 65-bar 4-state Intelligent Mail Barcode +//! (USPS-B-3200). The output is a 3-row matrix: row 0 is the ascender, row 1 +//! the tracker (always present), row 2 the descender. #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -use crate::common::{ - buffer::SliceWriter, errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded, -}; - -// ---- Bar state encoding ---------------------------------------------------- - -/// The four bar states in the IMb. -#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] -pub enum BarState { - /// Full bar (ascender + descender) - Full, - /// Ascender (tracker + ascender) - Ascender, - /// Descender (tracker + descender) - Descender, - /// Tracker only - Tracker, -} - -// ---- CRC table for IMb frame check sequence -------------------------------- - -/// CRC polynomial for IMb: x^11 + x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1 = 0xF75 -const IMB_CRC_POLY: u32 = 0x0F75; - -fn compute_fcs(data: &[u8]) -> u16 { - let mut crc = 0x07FFu32; - for &byte in data { - crc ^= byte as u32; +use crate::common::{errors::EncodeError, traits::BarcodeEncoder, types::Encoded}; + +use super::imb_table::{APPX_D_I, APPX_D_II, APPX_D_IV}; + +/// 11-bit CRC frame check sequence (USPS-B-3200) over a 13-byte array whose +/// top two bits are zero. +fn crc11(bytes: &[u8; 13]) -> u16 { + const GEN: u32 = 0x0F35; + let mut fcs: u32 = 0x07FF; + // Most-significant byte, skipping the 2 unused top bits. + let mut data = (bytes[0] as u32) << 5; + for _ in 2..8 { + if (fcs ^ data) & 0x400 != 0 { + fcs = (fcs << 1) ^ GEN; + } else { + fcs <<= 1; + } + fcs &= 0x7FF; + data <<= 1; + } + // Remaining bytes. + for &byte in &bytes[1..13] { + let mut data = (byte as u32) << 3; for _ in 0..8 { - if crc & 1 != 0 { - crc = (crc >> 1) ^ IMB_CRC_POLY; + if (fcs ^ data) & 0x400 != 0 { + fcs = (fcs << 1) ^ GEN; } else { - crc >>= 1; + fcs <<= 1; } + fcs &= 0x7FF; + data <<= 1; } } - (crc & 0x7FF) as u16 + fcs as u16 } -// ---- Codewords to bar states ----------------------------------------------- - -/// Convert bit-pair (ascender_bit, descender_bit) to BarState. -fn bits_to_bar(ascender: bool, descender: bool) -> BarState { - match (ascender, descender) { - (true, true) => BarState::Full, - (true, false) => BarState::Ascender, - (false, true) => BarState::Descender, - (false, false) => BarState::Tracker, - } -} - -/// Encode bar states as a sequence of module bits for LinearBarcode. +/// USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode encoder. /// -/// Each bar state is rendered as 3 vertical levels: -/// - Full: top (dark) + mid (dark) + bottom (dark) → 3 dark -/// - Ascender: top (dark) + mid (dark) + bottom (light) → 2 dark + 1 light -/// - Descender: top (light) + mid (dark) + bottom (dark) → 1 light + 2 dark -/// - Tracker: top (light) + mid (dark) + bottom (light) → 1 light + 1 dark + 1 light -/// -/// For the linear output, we encode each bar as: whether a dark module -/// exists. The state is encoded in the `height` and `bars` properties by -/// using the first element to indicate presence. -fn bar_states_to_modules(states: &[BarState], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - // For linear output, each bar is a single dark module (Tracker → light) - // separated by narrow light spaces. - let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - for (i, &state) in states.iter().enumerate() { - let has_bar = !matches!(state, BarState::Tracker); - w.push(has_bar)?; // bar - if i + 1 < states.len() { - w.push(false)?; // inter-bar space - } - } - Ok(w.len()) -} - -// ---- IMb encoding ---------------------------------------------------------- - -/// Simplified IMb encoding based on the USPS specification. -/// -/// Converts the 20-digit barcode identifier into 65 bar states. `fcs` is the -/// frame check sequence computed from the original ASCII digit bytes. -fn encode_imb_bars(digits: &[u8], fcs: u16) -> [BarState; 65] { - // Each bar has an ascender bit and descender bit derived from the data. - let mut bars = [BarState::Tracker; 65]; - - // Simple deterministic assignment based on digit values and FCS - for (i, bar) in bars.iter_mut().enumerate() { - let digit_idx = i * digits.len() / 65; - let digit_val = digits[digit_idx.min(digits.len() - 1)] as u32; - let fcs_bit = (fcs as u32 >> (i % 11)) & 1; - let data_bit = (digit_val >> (i % 4)) & 1; - - let ascender = (data_bit ^ fcs_bit) != 0; - let descender = (digit_val + i as u32).is_multiple_of(3) || (fcs_bit == 1 && i % 3 == 0); - - *bar = bits_to_bar(ascender, descender); - } - - bars -} - -// ---- Public encoder -------------------------------------------------------- - -/// USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode (IMb) encoder. -/// -/// Accepts a 20-digit or 31-digit IMb tracking code. -/// -/// The output is a [`LinearBarcode`] where bar states are encoded as: -/// dark (Full/Ascender/Descender) or light (Tracker) modules. +/// Input is the 20-digit tracking code optionally followed by `-` and a 0/5/9/11 +/// digit routing code, e.g. `"01234567094987654321-01234567891"`. /// /// # Example /// @@ -132,10 +54,11 @@ fn encode_imb_bars(digits: &[u8], fcs: u16) -> [BarState; 65] { /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::postal::imb::Imb; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 256]; -/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Imb::encode_into("01234567094987654321", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// let mut buf = [false; 3 * 129]; +/// let Encoded::Matrix { width, height } = +/// Imb::encode_into("01234567094987654321-01234567891", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; -/// let bars = &buf[..len]; +/// assert_eq!((width, height), (129, 3)); /// ``` pub struct Imb; @@ -143,34 +66,121 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Imb { type Input = str; fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - let trimmed = input.trim(); - if !trimmed.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) { + // Split the tracking code from the optional routing (ZIP) code. + let (tracker, zip) = match input.split_once('-') { + Some((t, z)) => (t, z), + None => (input, ""), + }; + if tracker.len() != 20 || !tracker.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "IMb input must contain digits only", + "IMb tracking code must be 20 digits", )); } - - let len = trimmed.len(); - if len != 20 && len != 31 { + if tracker.as_bytes()[1] > b'4' { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( - "IMb input must be 20 or 31 digits", + "IMb barcode identifier (2nd digit) must be 0-4", )); } + if !matches!(zip.len(), 0 | 5 | 9 | 11) || !zip.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) { + return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput( + "IMb routing code must be 0, 5, 9 or 11 digits", + )); + } + let tb = tracker.as_bytes(); + let d = |b: u8| (b - b'0') as u128; + + // Step 1: data fields → a single (up to 102-bit) integer. + let mut accum: u128 = 0; + for &b in zip.as_bytes() { + accum = accum * 10 + d(b); + } + accum += match zip.len() { + 11 => 1_000_100_001, + 9 => 100_001, + 5 => 1, + _ => 0, + }; + accum = accum * 10 + d(tb[0]); + accum = accum * 5 + d(tb[1]); + for &b in &tb[2..20] { + accum = accum * 10 + d(b); + } + + // Step 2: 11-bit CRC over the 13-byte (104-bit) big-endian form. + let reg = accum & !(1u128 << 102) & !(1u128 << 103); + let mut byte_array = [0u8; 13]; + for (i, slot) in byte_array.iter_mut().enumerate() { + *slot = (reg >> (8 * (12 - i))) as u8; + } + let crc = crc11(&byte_array); + + // Step 3: integer → codewords (base 636 then base 1365). + let mut cw = [0u32; 10]; + cw[9] = (accum % 636) as u32; + accum /= 636; + for j in (1..=8).rev() { + cw[j] = (accum % 1365) as u32; + accum /= 1365; + } + cw[0] = accum as u32; + + // Step 4: fold in the CRC / orientation. + cw[9] *= 2; + if crc >= 1024 { + cw[0] += 659; + } + + // Step 5: codewords → 13-bit characters (with CRC bit inversion). + let mut chars = [0u16; 10]; + for (i, c) in chars.iter_mut().enumerate() { + let v = cw[i] as usize; + *c = if v < 1287 { + APPX_D_I[v] + } else { + APPX_D_II[v - 1287] + }; + if crc & (1 << i) != 0 { + *c = 0x1FFF - *c; + } + } - // Digit values (0–9) in a fixed stack buffer; ASCII bytes feed the FCS. - let mut digits = [0u8; 31]; - for (i, b) in trimmed.bytes().enumerate() { - digits[i] = b - b'0'; + // Step 6: characters → 65 four-state bars. + let mut bar_map = [0u8; 130]; + for (i, &c) in chars.iter().enumerate() { + for j in 0..13 { + bar_map[(APPX_D_IV[13 * i + j] - 1) as usize] = ((c >> j) & 1) as u8; + } } - let fcs = compute_fcs(trimmed.as_bytes()); - let bar_states = encode_imb_bars(&digits[..len], fcs); - let modules = bar_states_to_modules(&bar_states, buf)?; + // Render into a 3-row matrix (bar every 2 columns). + let width = 65 * 2 - 1; + let cells = 3 * width; + if buf.len() < cells { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } + for slot in buf[..cells].iter_mut() { + *slot = false; + } + for i in 0..65 { + // state: 0 = full, 1 = ascender, 2 = descender, 3 = tracker. + let mut state = 0; + if bar_map[i] == 0 { + state += 1; + } + if bar_map[i + 65] == 0 { + state += 2; + } + let col = i * 2; + if state == 0 || state == 1 { + buf[col] = true; // ascender (top row) + } + buf[width + col] = true; // tracker (middle row) + if state == 0 || state == 2 { + buf[2 * width + col] = true; // descender (bottom row) + } + } - Ok(Encoded::Linear { - len: modules, - height: 20, // IMb standard height - }) + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width, height: 3 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -184,35 +194,58 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Imb { mod tests { use super::*; - fn encode_len(input: &str) -> usize { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; + /// Decode the 3-row matrix back to the DAFT state string (F/A/D/T). + fn daft(buf: &[bool], width: usize) -> [u8; 65] { + let mut out = [b'?'; 65]; + for (i, o) in out.iter_mut().enumerate() { + let col = i * 2; + let top = buf[col]; + let bot = buf[2 * width + col]; + *o = match (top, bot) { + (true, true) => b'F', + (true, false) => b'A', + (false, true) => b'D', + (false, false) => b'T', + }; + } + out + } + + fn encode(input: &str) -> ([u8; 65], usize) { + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 129]; match Imb::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { - Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => len, - _ => panic!("expected linear"), + Encoded::Matrix { width, .. } => (daft(&buf, width), width), + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), } } + /// Canonical USPS-B-3200 example: this input produces this exact DAFT string. #[test] - fn test_encode_20_digits() { - // 65 bars separated by 64 spaces = 129 modules. - assert_eq!(encode_len("01234567094987654321"), 129); + fn test_daft_reference_vector() { + let (states, width) = encode("01234567094987654321-01234567891"); + assert_eq!(width, 129); + assert_eq!( + &states, + b"AADTFFDFTDADTAADAATFDTDDAAADDTDTTDAFADADDDTFFFDDTTTADFAAADFTDAADA" + ); } #[test] - fn test_encode_31_digits() { - assert_eq!(encode_len("0123456789012345678901234567890"), 129); + fn test_no_zip() { + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 129]; + assert!(Imb::encode_into("01234567094987654321", &mut buf).is_ok()); } #[test] fn test_invalid_length() { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; - assert!(Imb::encode_into("12345678901234567890123", &mut buf).is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 129]; + assert!(Imb::encode_into("12345", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] - fn test_invalid_chars() { - let mut buf = [false; 256]; - assert!(Imb::encode_into("0123456789012345678X", &mut buf).is_err()); + fn test_invalid_zip() { + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 129]; + assert!(Imb::encode_into("01234567094987654321-123", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -226,12 +259,4 @@ mod tests { let svg = Imb::encode("01234567094987654321").unwrap().to_svg_string(); assert!(svg.starts_with(" (bool, bool) { - match state { - 3 => (true, true), // Full - 1 => (true, false), // Ascender - 2 => (false, true), // Descender - _ => (false, false), // Tracker - } -} +/// (top, bottom) contribution for the check-digit sum. Source: zint. +const CHECK_TOP_BOTTOM: [[u32; 2]; 36] = [ + [1, 1], + [1, 2], + [1, 3], + [1, 4], + [1, 5], + [1, 0], + [2, 1], + [2, 2], + [2, 3], + [2, 4], + [2, 5], + [2, 0], + [3, 1], + [3, 2], + [3, 3], + [3, 4], + [3, 5], + [3, 0], + [4, 1], + [4, 2], + [4, 3], + [4, 4], + [4, 5], + [4, 0], + [5, 1], + [5, 2], + [5, 3], + [5, 4], + [5, 5], + [5, 0], + [0, 1], + [0, 2], + [0, 3], + [0, 4], + [0, 5], + [0, 0], +]; -/// Encode bar states into linear modules written into `buf`. -/// Each bar is a single module (Tracker → light) with light spaces between. -fn states_to_modules(states: &[u8], buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - let mut w = SliceWriter::new(buf); - for (i, &state) in states.iter().enumerate() { - let dark = state != 0; - w.push(dark)?; - if i + 1 < states.len() { - w.push(false)?; // space between bars - } +/// Map an input character to its value 0–35 (0–9, A–Z). +fn char_value(b: u8) -> Option { + match b { + b'0'..=b'9' => Some((b - b'0') as usize), + b'A'..=b'Z' => Some((b - b'A' + 10) as usize), + b'a'..=b'z' => Some((b - b'a' + 10) as usize), + _ => None, } - Ok(w.len()) } -// ---- Check digit ----------------------------------------------------------- - -/// Compute the RM4SCC check digit. -/// -/// Row values and column values are computed from the encoded characters, -/// then summed. The check bar state encodes (row_sum % 6) × 6 + (col_sum % 6) -/// as a combined index (0–35), which is then mapped to a 4-state bar by taking -/// the value modulo 4 (minimum 1 so at least an ascender is produced). -fn compute_check(chars: &[char]) -> Result { - let mut row_sum: i32 = 0; - let mut col_sum: i32 = 0; - - for &ch in chars { - let entry = RM4SCC_TABLE - .iter() - .find(|(c, _)| *c == ch) - .ok_or(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch))?; - - // Row value: based on bars 0 and 1 (upper pair) - let (a0, _d0) = state_to_bars(entry.1[0]); - let (a1, _d1) = state_to_bars(entry.1[1]); - // Column value: based on bars 2 and 3 (lower pair) - let (_a2, d2) = state_to_bars(entry.1[2]); - let (_a3, d3) = state_to_bars(entry.1[3]); - - // Row contribution: count of ascenders in upper pair - row_sum += a0 as i32 + a1 as i32; - // Col contribution: count of descenders in lower pair - col_sum += d2 as i32 + d3 as i32; - } - - let check_row = (row_sum % 6) as u8; - let check_col = (col_sum % 6) as u8; - - // The check character encodes (row_sum%6, col_sum%6) - // We return a simple combined value - Ok(check_row * 6 + check_col) -} - -// ---- Public encoder -------------------------------------------------------- - -/// Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code (RM4SCC) barcode encoder. -/// -/// Encodes uppercase alphanumeric UK postcodes. +/// Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code (RM4SCC) encoder. /// /// # Example /// @@ -156,10 +113,10 @@ fn compute_check(chars: &[char]) -> Result { /// use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; /// use barcodes::postal::rm4scc::Rm4scc; /// -/// let mut buf = [false; 128]; -/// let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Rm4scc::encode_into("SN3 1SD", &mut buf).unwrap() +/// let mut buf = [false; 3 * 128]; +/// let Encoded::Matrix { height, .. } = Rm4scc::encode_into("SN34RD1A", &mut buf).unwrap() /// else { unreachable!() }; -/// let bars = &buf[..len]; +/// assert_eq!(height, 3); /// ``` pub struct Rm4scc; @@ -167,60 +124,70 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Rm4scc { type Input = str; fn encode_into(input: &str, buf: &mut [bool]) -> Result { - // Normalize into a fixed stack buffer: uppercase, whitespace removed. - let mut chars = [' '; MAX_CHARS]; + // Validate and collect character values (ignoring whitespace). + let mut posns = [0usize; MAX_CHARS]; let mut n = 0; - for c in input - .chars() - .filter(|c| !c.is_whitespace()) - .map(|c| c.to_ascii_uppercase()) - { + for b in input.bytes() { + if b.is_ascii_whitespace() { + continue; + } + let v = char_value(b).ok_or(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(b as char))?; if n >= MAX_CHARS { return Err(EncodeError::DataTooLong); } - chars[n] = c; + posns[n] = v; n += 1; } - if n == 0 { return Err(EncodeError::InvalidInput("RM4SCC input must not be empty")); } - // Validate all characters - for &ch in &chars[..n] { - if RM4SCC_TABLE.iter().all(|(c, _)| *c != ch) { - return Err(EncodeError::InvalidCharacter(ch)); - } - } - - let check_val = compute_check(&chars[..n])?; - - // Assemble bar states in a fixed stack buffer. + // Assemble the four-state bars: start, data, check character, stop. let mut states = [0u8; MAX_STATES]; let mut s = 0; - states[s] = START_BAR; + states[s] = 1; // start: ascender s += 1; - for &ch in &chars[..n] { - let entry = RM4SCC_TABLE - .iter() - .find(|(c, _)| *c == ch) - .expect("already validated"); - states[s..s + 4].copy_from_slice(&entry.1); + + let mut top = 0u32; + let mut bottom = 0u32; + for &p in &posns[..n] { + states[s..s + 4].copy_from_slice(&RM4KIX[p]); s += 4; + top += CHECK_TOP_BOTTOM[p][0]; + bottom += CHECK_TOP_BOTTOM[p][1]; } - // Check digit bar: combined index (0–35) reduced to a 4-state bar value - // (mod 4, minimum 1 to ensure at least an ascender bar). - states[s] = (check_val % 4).max(1); - s += 1; - states[s] = STOP_BAR; + + // Check character from the top/bottom sums. + let row = (top % 6).checked_sub(1).unwrap_or(5) as usize; + let column = (bottom % 6).checked_sub(1).unwrap_or(5) as usize; + let check = 6 * row + column; + states[s..s + 4].copy_from_slice(&RM4KIX[check]); + s += 4; + + states[s] = 0; // stop: full s += 1; - let modules = states_to_modules(&states[..s], buf)?; + // Render into a 3-row matrix (bar every 2 columns). + let width = s * 2 - 1; + let cells = 3 * width; + if buf.len() < cells { + return Err(EncodeError::BufferTooSmall); + } + for slot in buf[..cells].iter_mut() { + *slot = false; + } + for (i, &state) in states[..s].iter().enumerate() { + let col = i * 2; + if state == 0 || state == 1 { + buf[col] = true; // ascender (top row) + } + buf[width + col] = true; // tracker (middle row) + if state == 0 || state == 2 { + buf[2 * width + col] = true; // descender (bottom row) + } + } - Ok(Encoded::Linear { - len: modules, - height: 20, - }) + Ok(Encoded::Matrix { width, height: 3 }) } fn symbology_name() -> &'static str { @@ -234,44 +201,54 @@ impl BarcodeEncoder for Rm4scc { mod tests { use super::*; - fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { - match Rm4scc::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { - Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], - _ => panic!("expected linear"), + fn dims(input: &str) -> (usize, usize) { + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 512]; + match Rm4scc::encode_into(input, &mut buf).unwrap() { + Encoded::Matrix { width, height } => (width, height), + _ => panic!("expected matrix"), } } #[test] fn test_encode_postcode() { - let mut buf = [false; 128]; - assert!(!bars("SN3 1SD", &mut buf).is_empty()); + // start + 8 chars × 4 + check × 4 + stop = 1 + 32 + 4 + 1 = 38 bars. + let (width, height) = dims("SN34RD1A"); + assert_eq!(height, 3); + assert_eq!(width, 38 * 2 - 1); } #[test] - fn test_encode_alphanumeric() { - let mut buf = [false; 128]; - assert!(!bars("EC1A1BB", &mut buf).is_empty()); + fn test_check_character_algorithm() { + // "SN35TL" — verify the check character value via the documented rule. + let vals: [usize; 6] = ['S', 'N', '3', '5', 'T', 'L'].map(|c| char_value(c as u8).unwrap()); + let mut top = 0u32; + let mut bottom = 0u32; + for &p in &vals { + top += CHECK_TOP_BOTTOM[p][0]; + bottom += CHECK_TOP_BOTTOM[p][1]; + } + let row = (top % 6).checked_sub(1).unwrap_or(5) as usize; + let column = (bottom % 6).checked_sub(1).unwrap_or(5) as usize; + assert!(6 * row + column < 36); } #[test] fn test_normalize_spaces() { - // Bars are identical regardless of spaces. - let mut buf1 = [false; 128]; - let mut buf2 = [false; 128]; - assert_eq!(bars("SN31SD", &mut buf1), bars("SN3 1SD", &mut buf2)); + let a = dims("SN34RD1A"); + let b = dims("SN3 4RD1A"); + assert_eq!(a, b); } #[test] fn test_invalid_char() { - let mut buf = [false; 128]; - assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into("SN3-1SD", &mut buf).is_err()); + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 512]; + assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into("SN3-4RD", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] fn test_empty_input() { - let mut buf = [false; 128]; + let mut buf = [false; 3 * 512]; assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into("", &mut buf).is_err()); - assert!(Rm4scc::encode_into(" ", &mut buf).is_err()); } #[test] @@ -282,15 +259,7 @@ mod tests { #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[test] fn test_svg_output() { - let svg = Rm4scc::encode("EC1A1BB").unwrap().to_svg_string(); + let svg = Rm4scc::encode("SN34RD1A").unwrap().to_svg_string(); assert!(svg.starts_with(" Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 00:40:50 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 11/16] docs: fix GS1 DataBar example struct name (DataBar) --- README.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 24f95c7..2c49780 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ println!("{svg}"); ```rust use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; -use barcodes::gs1::databar::GS1DataBar; +use barcodes::gs1::databar::DataBar; -let output = GS1DataBar::encode("0950110153001").unwrap(); +let output = DataBar::encode("0950110153001").unwrap(); let svg = output.to_svg_string(); println!("{svg}"); ``` From 0f8357f7c765cbdef1c890ca048486838f7edf12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 01:06:43 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 12/16] fix(ean_upc): correct UPC-A/UPC-E check digit for odd-length data MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The shared check_digit routine weighted digits from the left, which only yields the GS1-correct result when the data length is even (EAN-13's 12 digits). For UPC-A and UPC-E (11 data digits) the rightmost digit received weight 1 instead of 3, producing an invalid check digit — UPC-A symbols failed to scan (verified with ZXing and zbar). Weight from the right instead (rightmost data digit ×3), which is the length-independent GS1 rule and leaves EAN-13/EAN-8 output unchanged. Add a UPC-A regression test (03600029145 -> check 2). --- src/ean_upc/ean13.rs | 7 ++++++- src/ean_upc/upca.rs | 9 +++++++++ 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs index 29ae0ee..9bc4c65 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/ean13.rs @@ -156,11 +156,16 @@ fn parse_and_validate(input: &str) -> Result<[u8; 13], EncodeError> { /// Compute EAN-13 / EAN-8 check digit from a slice of digit values (without check). pub(crate) fn check_digit(digits: &[u8]) -> u8 { + // GS1 weighting is defined from the right: the rightmost data digit has + // weight 3, then 1, alternating. Weighting from the right (rather than the + // left) keeps this correct for any data length — EAN-13 (12 digits), EAN-8 + // (7), and UPC-A/UPC-E (11) all share this routine. let sum: u32 = digits .iter() + .rev() .enumerate() .map(|(i, &d)| { - let weight = if i % 2 == 0 { 1u32 } else { 3u32 }; + let weight = if i % 2 == 0 { 3u32 } else { 1u32 }; weight * d as u32 }) .sum(); diff --git a/src/ean_upc/upca.rs b/src/ean_upc/upca.rs index 384011b..6d85147 100644 --- a/src/ean_upc/upca.rs +++ b/src/ean_upc/upca.rs @@ -125,6 +125,15 @@ mod tests { assert_eq!(check_digit(&digits), 5); } + #[test] + fn test_check_digit_odd_length_weighting() { + // Regression: the shared check-digit routine must weight from the right + // (rightmost data digit ×3) so 11-digit UPC-A codes are correct. + // 03600029145 -> check 2 (well-known "036000291452"). + let digits: [u8; 11] = [0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0, 2, 9, 1, 4, 5]; + assert_eq!(check_digit(&digits), 2); + } + fn bars<'a>(input: &str, buf: &'a mut [bool]) -> &'a [bool] { match UpcA::encode_into(input, buf).unwrap() { Encoded::Linear { len, .. } => &buf[..len], From cc14f135b327fbb8e0abc57aa58308dfc0e3b283 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 01:10:50 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 13/16] build: exclude examples and generated barcodes from published crate Add a package `exclude` so `examples/` (a dev-only generation harness that needs the `image` feature) and `generated_barcodes/` (throwaway PNGs) are never shipped to crates.io, and gitignore the generated images. --- .gitignore | 3 +++ Cargo.toml | 1 + 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index ad67955..c81aca7 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ target # These are backup files generated by rustfmt **/*.rs.bk +# Locally generated test barcodes (see examples/gen_all.rs) +/generated_barcodes/ + # MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information *.pdb diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index 467fda6..a40f4a9 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ description = "Universal Bar/QR codes library" keywords = ["barcode", "qrcode", "ean", "code128", "pdf417"] categories = ["encoding", "no-std"] license = "MIT" +exclude = ["/examples", "/generated_barcodes"] [features] default = [] From f65f9d0058293549333546d3edcf2f117aacba63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 01:13:43 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 14/16] chore(examples): add gen_all barcode generation harness Reproducible example that renders a PNG for every symbology (for manual decoder testing). Gated with required-features = ["image"] so it is skipped by default/no-default-features builds, and excluded from the published crate. --- Cargo.toml | 4 ++ examples/gen_all.rs | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 examples/gen_all.rs diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index a40f4a9..8202a48 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -22,5 +22,9 @@ optional = true default-features = false features = ["png", "gif", "webp"] +[[example]] +name = "gen_all" +required-features = ["image"] + [package.metadata.docs.rs] all-features = true diff --git a/examples/gen_all.rs b/examples/gen_all.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35a55c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/gen_all.rs @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +//! Generate a PNG for every symbology so they can be tested with an online +//! decoder. Not part of the library; run with the `image` feature: +//! +//! ```sh +//! cargo run --example gen_all --features image +//! ``` +//! +//! Output goes to `generated_barcodes/` (gitignored). + +use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +use barcodes::ean_upc::{ean8::Ean8, ean13::Ean13, upca::UpcA, upce::UpcE}; +use barcodes::gs1::{databar::DataBar, gs1_128::Gs1_128}; +use barcodes::linear::{ + codabar::Codabar, code39::Code39, code93::Code93, code128::Code128, itf::Itf, +}; +use barcodes::postal::{imb::Imb, rm4scc::Rm4scc}; +use barcodes::qrcode::{EncodeTextOptions, QrCode, QrCodeEcc, Version}; +use barcodes::twod::{aztec::Aztec, datamatrix::DataMatrix, pdf417::Pdf417}; + +use image::{GrayImage, Luma}; + +const OUT_DIR: &str = "generated_barcodes"; +const WHITE: Luma = Luma([255]); +const BLACK: Luma = Luma([0]); + +/// Encode with a trait encoder and save a PNG. +fn save>(name: &str, data: &str, module: u32) { + match E::encode(data) { + Ok(out) => { + let img = out.to_image(module); + let path = format!("{OUT_DIR}/{name}.png"); + img.save(&path).unwrap(); + println!( + " OK {name:<12} \"{data}\" ({}x{})", + img.width(), + img.height() + ); + } + Err(e) => println!(" FAIL {name:<12} {e:?}"), + } +} + +/// QR uses its own API; render its modules to a PNG here. +fn save_qr(name: &str, data: &str, module: u32) { + let mut outbuf = vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; + let mut tmpbuf = vec![0u8; Version::MAX.buffer_len()]; + let qr = QrCode::encode_text( + data, + &mut tmpbuf, + &mut outbuf, + EncodeTextOptions { + ecl: QrCodeEcc::Medium, + minversion: Version::MIN, + maxversion: Version::MAX, + mask: None, + boostecl: true, + }, + ) + .unwrap(); + + let quiet = 4u32; + let size = qr.size() as u32; + let dim = (size + 2 * quiet) * module; + let mut img = GrayImage::from_pixel(dim, dim, WHITE); + for y in 0..size { + for x in 0..size { + if qr.get_module(x as i32, y as i32) { + for dy in 0..module { + for dx in 0..module { + img.put_pixel((x + quiet) * module + dx, (y + quiet) * module + dy, BLACK); + } + } + } + } + } + let path = format!("{OUT_DIR}/{name}.png"); + img.save(&path).unwrap(); + println!(" OK {name:<12} \"{data}\" ({dim}x{dim})"); +} + +fn main() { + std::fs::create_dir_all(OUT_DIR).unwrap(); + println!("Generating barcodes into {OUT_DIR}/ ...\n"); + + println!("[Linear / retail]"); + save::("ean13", "5901234123457", 3); + save::("ean8", "96385074", 3); + save::("upca", "03600029145", 3); // 11 digits, check auto-computed + save::("upce", "01234505", 3); + save::("code128", "Hello128", 2); + save::("code39", "CODE39", 2); + save::("code93", "CODE93", 2); + save::("codabar", "40156", 2); // A/B start/stop added automatically + save::("itf", "1234567890", 2); + + println!("\n[GS1]"); + save::("gs1_128", "(01)01234567890128", 2); + save::("databar", "2001234567890", 3); + + println!("\n[2D]"); + save_qr("qr_code", "https://crates.io/crates/barcodes", 4); + save::("datamatrix", "Hello DataMatrix 2026", 5); + save::("pdf417", "PDF417 test payload — larger data works too!", 2); + save::("aztec", "HELLO AZTEC 2026", 5); + + println!("\n[Postal / 4-state]"); + save::("imb", "01234567094987654321-01234567891", 3); + save::("rm4scc", "SN34RD1A", 3); + + println!("\nDone. Open the PNGs in {OUT_DIR}/ and drop them into an online decoder."); +} From 5893a159a9abe230527266f7928017df95c9fec2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 01:33:26 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 15/16] docs: add CHANGELOG and 0.1.x->0.2.0 migration guide --- CHANGELOG.md | 120 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ README.md | 5 +++ 2 files changed, 125 insertions(+) create mode 100644 CHANGELOG.md diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08b5c35 --- /dev/null +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +# Changelog + +All notable changes to this project are documented here. The format is based on +[Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/), and this project adheres to +[Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/) (with `0.x` minor bumps signalling +breaking changes). + +## [0.2.0] — Unreleased + +### Breaking + +- **Zero-allocation core.** The primary API is now + [`BarcodeEncoder::encode_into(input, &mut [bool])`](https://docs.rs/barcodes/latest/barcodes/common/traits/trait.BarcodeEncoder.html), + which writes a symbol's modules into a caller-provided buffer and returns an + `Encoded { Linear | Matrix }` describing the written region. The crate is now + pure `no_std` with **no heap allocation** by default. +- The owned-output convenience methods `encode()` (returning `BarcodeOutput`) + and `to_svg_string()` moved behind the new **`alloc`** feature. Code that + called `Encoder::encode(...)` on 0.1.x must either enable `features = ["alloc"]` + or migrate to `encode_into`. See [Migration](#migration-from-01x) below. +- `EncodeError` messages are now `&'static str` (no allocated `String`). + +### Added + +- Feature flags: `alloc` (owned output + SVG string), `std` (implies `alloc`), + `image` (implies `std`, raster PNG/GIF/WebP output). +- Full-spec, scanner-verified rewrites of the larger symbologies: + - **PDF417** (ISO/IEC 15438) — byte compaction + Reed–Solomon EC. + - **GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional / RSS-14** (ISO/IEC 24724). + - **Aztec Code** (ISO/IEC 24778) — Binary Shift, Reed–Solomon over + GF(16/64/256/1024). + - **USPS Intelligent Mail (IMb)** — verified bit-for-bit against the canonical + USPS-B-3200 DAFT reference vector. + - **Royal Mail RM4SCC** — 4-state 3-row output. +- Streaming SVG rendering into any `core::fmt::Write` sink via `common::svg`. + +### Fixed + +- **Data Matrix** ECC 200 now produces scannable symbols, with 32×32–48×48 + multi-region support for larger data. +- **EAN-13/EAN-8 L-code**, **UPC-E parity**, and the **Code 39** pattern table + corrected (symbols now scan). +- **GS1-128** now decodes correctly (Code B path). +- **UPC-A / UPC-E check digit** for odd-length data (also released as 0.1.3). + +### Packaging + +- `examples/` and locally generated barcodes are excluded from the published + crate. + +## [0.1.3] — 2026-07-07 + +### Fixed + +- **UPC-A / UPC-E check digit.** The shared check-digit routine weighted digits + from the left, which is only correct for even-length data (EAN-13's 12 + digits). For UPC-A and UPC-E (11 data digits) the rightmost digit received the + wrong weight, producing an invalid check digit — UPC-A symbols failed to scan. + It now weights from the right (the length-independent GS1 rule); EAN-13/EAN-8 + output is unchanged. + +## [0.1.2] — 2026 + +### Fixed + +- Critical **EAN-13 / EAN-8 / UPC-E** encoding fixes (L-code digits and UPC-E + parity) so retail symbols scan. +- **GS1-128** decoding correctness. + +## [0.1.1] — 2026 + +### Fixed + +- Data Matrix capacity/length handling and scannability improvements. + +## [0.1.0] — 2026 + +- Initial release: QR, EAN-13/8, UPC-A/E, Code 128/39/93, Codabar, ITF, GS1-128, + GS1 DataBar, PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec, USPS IMb, Royal Mail RM4SCC. + +## Migration from 0.1.x + +**0.1.x (owned output):** + +```rust +use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +use barcodes::ean_upc::ean13::Ean13; + +let svg = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap().to_svg_string(); +``` + +**0.2.0, option A — keep the convenience API** (enable `alloc`): + +```toml +barcodes = { version = "0.2", features = ["alloc"] } +``` + +```rust +// identical code — encode() and to_svg_string() require the `alloc` feature +let svg = Ean13::encode("5901234123457").unwrap().to_svg_string(); +``` + +**0.2.0, option B — zero allocation** (default, no features): + +```rust +use barcodes::common::traits::BarcodeEncoder; +use barcodes::common::types::Encoded; +use barcodes::ean_upc::ean13::Ean13; + +let mut buf = [false; 128]; // one bool per module +let Encoded::Linear { len, .. } = Ean13::encode_into("5901234123457", &mut buf).unwrap() +else { unreachable!() }; +let bars = &buf[..len]; // true = dark module +``` + +[0.2.0]: https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes/compare/v0.1.3...HEAD +[0.1.3]: https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes/compare/v0.1.2...v0.1.3 +[0.1.2]: https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes/compare/v0.1.1...v0.1.2 +[0.1.1]: https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes/compare/v0.1.0...v0.1.1 +[0.1.0]: https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes/releases/tag/v0.1.0 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 2c49780..1925263 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ which streams into any `core::fmt::Write` sink. > The `alloc` feature adds the convenience `Encoder::encode()` (returning an > owned `BarcodeOutput`) and `.to_svg_string()`. The examples below use it. +> **Upgrading from 0.1.x?** `encode()` / `to_svg_string()` now live behind the +> `alloc` feature. Enable `features = ["alloc"]` to keep the old code unchanged, +> or switch to the zero-allocation `encode_into` shown above. See +> [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md#migration-from-01x). + ## Supported symbologies | Symbology | Module | Status | From a1a3bb6428d05dfeba5792119ec3c2ddd0e38e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ashaffah Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2026 01:34:25 +0700 Subject: [PATCH 16/16] build: restore repository and readme package metadata for 0.2.0 --- Cargo.toml | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index 8202a48..b66ba63 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ description = "Universal Bar/QR codes library" keywords = ["barcode", "qrcode", "ean", "code128", "pdf417"] categories = ["encoding", "no-std"] license = "MIT" +repository = "https://github.com/ashaffah/barcodes" +readme = "README.md" exclude = ["/examples", "/generated_barcodes"] [features]