diff --git a/lib/langfuse.rb b/lib/langfuse.rb
index 70b6f53..a586ab0 100644
--- a/lib/langfuse.rb
+++ b/lib/langfuse.rb
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ class UnauthorizedError < ApiError; end
 require_relative "langfuse/score_value"
 require_relative "langfuse/score_client"
 require_relative "langfuse/prompt_renderer"
+require_relative "langfuse/prompt_variables"
 require_relative "langfuse/text_prompt_client"
 require_relative "langfuse/chat_prompt_client"
 require_relative "langfuse/timestamp_parser"
diff --git a/lib/langfuse/chat_prompt_client.rb b/lib/langfuse/chat_prompt_client.rb
index b516171..23dffe8 100644
--- a/lib/langfuse/chat_prompt_client.rb
+++ b/lib/langfuse/chat_prompt_client.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "prompt_renderer"
+require_relative "prompt_variables"
 
 module Langfuse
   # Chat prompt client for compiling chat prompts with variable substitution
@@ -73,6 +74,22 @@ def type
       "chat"
     end
 
+    # Return the unique variables referenced by all message templates
+    #
+    # Section names are included because callers must provide their values.
+    # Message placeholder entries are not Mustache templates and are excluded.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] Referenced variable names in message and source order
+    # @raise [Mustache::Parser::SyntaxError] if a message contains invalid Mustache syntax
+    def variables
+      prompt.each_with_object([]) do |message, names|
+        normalized = symbolize_keys(message)
+        next if normalized[:type].to_s == PLACEHOLDER_TYPE
+
+        names.concat(PromptVariables.extract(normalized[:content] || ""))
+      end.uniq
+    end
+
     # Compile the chat prompt with variable substitution and message placeholders
     #
     # Returns an array of message hashes with roles and compiled content.
diff --git a/lib/langfuse/prompt_variables.rb b/lib/langfuse/prompt_variables.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0fe4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/langfuse/prompt_variables.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "mustache"
+
+module Langfuse
+  # Extracts referenced variables from parsed Mustache templates.
+  #
+  # @api private
+  class PromptVariables
+    TAG_TYPES = %i[etag utag].freeze
+    SECTION_TYPES = %i[section inverted_section].freeze
+
+    class << self
+      # @api private
+      def extract(template)
+        tokens = Mustache::Template.new(template).tokens
+        collect(tokens, []).reject(&:empty?).uniq
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def collect(tokens, scope)
+        tokens.each_with_object([]) do |token, variables|
+          next unless token.is_a?(Array)
+
+          variables.concat(token.first == :mustache ? from_tag(token, scope) : collect(token, scope))
+        end
+      end
+
+      def from_tag(token, scope)
+        return variable_path(token, scope) if TAG_TYPES.include?(token[1])
+        return section_paths(token, scope) if SECTION_TYPES.include?(token[1])
+
+        []
+      end
+
+      def variable_path(token, scope)
+        path = scoped_path(token, scope)
+        path.empty? ? [] : [path.join(".")]
+      end
+
+      def section_paths(token, scope)
+        section_path = scoped_path(token, scope)
+        body_scope = token[1] == :section ? section_path : scope
+        [section_path.join("."), *collect(token[4], body_scope)]
+      end
+
+      def scoped_path(token, scope)
+        segments = token.dig(2, 2)
+        segments == ["."] ? scope : scope + segments
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/langfuse/text_prompt_client.rb b/lib/langfuse/text_prompt_client.rb
index c3fd426..e9d1348 100644
--- a/lib/langfuse/text_prompt_client.rb
+++ b/lib/langfuse/text_prompt_client.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "prompt_renderer"
+require_relative "prompt_variables"
 
 module Langfuse
   # Text prompt client for compiling text prompts with variable substitution
@@ -71,6 +72,17 @@ def type
       "text"
     end
 
+    # Return the unique variables referenced by the prompt template
+    #
+    # Section names are included because callers must provide their values.
+    # Variables inside sections include the full section path.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] Referenced variable names in source order
+    # @raise [Mustache::Parser::SyntaxError] if the prompt contains invalid Mustache syntax
+    def variables
+      PromptVariables.extract(prompt)
+    end
+
     # Compile the prompt with variable substitution
     #
     # @param kwargs [Hash] Variables to substitute in the template (as keyword arguments)
diff --git a/spec/langfuse/chat_prompt_client_spec.rb b/spec/langfuse/chat_prompt_client_spec.rb
index 9c8b46d..9b240f8 100644
--- a/spec/langfuse/chat_prompt_client_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/langfuse/chat_prompt_client_spec.rb
@@ -152,6 +152,30 @@
     end
   end
 
+  describe "#variables" do
+    it "returns unique variables across message templates" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge(
+        "prompt" => [
+          { "role" => "system", "content" => "Hello {{user.name}} and {{shared}}" },
+          { "role" => "user", "content" => "{{shared}} {{#details}}{{topic}}{{/details}}" }
+        ]
+      )
+
+      expect(described_class.new(data).variables).to eq(%w[user.name shared details details.topic])
+    end
+
+    it "excludes message placeholders" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge(
+        "prompt" => [
+          { "type" => "placeholder", "name" => "history" },
+          { type: "message", role: "user", content: "Question: {{{question}}}" }
+        ]
+      )
+
+      expect(described_class.new(data).variables).to eq(["question"])
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "#compile" do
     let(:client) { described_class.new(prompt_data) }
 
diff --git a/spec/langfuse/text_prompt_client_spec.rb b/spec/langfuse/text_prompt_client_spec.rb
index 57c34fc..11f370b 100644
--- a/spec/langfuse/text_prompt_client_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/langfuse/text_prompt_client_spec.rb
@@ -136,6 +136,43 @@
     end
   end
 
+  describe "#variables" do
+    it "returns unique parsed variables in source order" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge(
+        "prompt" => "{{name}} {{name}} {{profile.email}} {{{raw_html}}} {{& plain_html}} {{! ignored }}"
+      )
+
+      expect(described_class.new(data).variables).to eq(%w[name profile.email raw_html plain_html])
+    end
+
+    it "includes sections and scopes variables inside nested sections" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge(
+        "prompt" => "{{#account}}{{#owner}}{{profile.email}}{{/owner}}{{/account}}" \
+                    "{{^items}}{{message}}{{/items}}"
+      )
+
+      expect(described_class.new(data).variables).to eq(
+        %w[account account.owner account.owner.profile.email items message]
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "keeps inverted-section variables in the enclosing scope" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge(
+        "prompt" => "{{#account}}{{^owner}}{{fallback.name}}{{/owner}}{{/account}}"
+      )
+
+      expect(described_class.new(data).variables).to eq(
+        %w[account account.owner account.fallback.name]
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "raises for invalid Mustache syntax" do
+      data = prompt_data.merge("prompt" => "{{#account}}{{name}}")
+
+      expect { described_class.new(data).variables }.to raise_error(Mustache::Parser::SyntaxError)
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "#compile" do
     let(:client) { described_class.new(prompt_data) }