Ledmington · Ledmington · Aug 17, 2026 · Aug 17, 2026 · Aug 17, 2026 · Aug 17, 2026
diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ext.appNameLowerCase = appName.toLowerCase(Locale.US)
 ext.junitVersion = '6.1.3'
 ext.junitLauncherVersion = '6.1.3'
 ext.jacocoVersion = '0.8.14'
-ext.pmdVersion = '7.20.0'
+ext.pmdVersion = '7.26.0'
 ext.spotbugsVersion = '4.9.8'
 ext.palantirVersion = '2.97.0'
 // End tunables

diff --git a/cmdline/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cmdline/CommandLineParserBuilder.java b/cmdline/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cmdline/CommandLineParserBuilder.java
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ public CommandLineParserBuilder addBoolean(
 	 * @param defaultValue The default value of the argument.
 	 * @return This instance of {@link CommandLineParserBuilder}.
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("PMD.UseObjectForClearerAPI")
 	public CommandLineParserBuilder addString(
 			final String shortName, final String longName, final String description, final String defaultValue) {
 		arguments.add(new StringArgument(shortName, longName, description, defaultValue));

diff --git a/core/src/main/java/com/ledmington/emu/ELFLoader.java b/core/src/main/java/com/ledmington/emu/ELFLoader.java
@@ -440,14 +440,14 @@ private void loadCommandLineArgumentsAndEnvironmentVariables(
 			for (final String arg : commandLineArguments) {
 				wb.write(stringsOffset);
 				sb.append(arg).append('\0');
-				stringsOffset += (arg.length() + 1);
+				stringsOffset += arg.length() + 1;
 			}
 			wb.write(0L); // argv[argc]
 
 			for (final Map.Entry<String, String> env : environmentVariables.entrySet()) {
 				wb.write(stringsOffset);
 				sb.append(env.getKey()).append('=').append(env.getValue()).append('\0');
-				stringsOffset += (env.getKey().length() + 1 + env.getValue().length() + 1);
+				stringsOffset += env.getKey().length() + 1 + env.getValue().length() + 1;
 			}
 			wb.write(0L); // envp[envc]
 

diff --git a/core/src/main/java/com/ledmington/emu/X86RegisterFile.java b/core/src/main/java/com/ledmington/emu/X86RegisterFile.java
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ public void resetFlags() {
 	}
 
 	private void set(final RFlags f) {
-		rflags |= (1L << f.bit());
+		rflags |= 1L << f.bit();
 	}
 
 	private void reset(final RFlags f) {

diff --git a/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/ConstructorsSection.java b/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/ConstructorsSection.java
@@ -58,13 +58,11 @@ public ConstructorsSection(
 		}
 
 		int constructorsSizeInBytes = 0; // bytes
-		{
-			for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
-				if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_INIT_ARRAYSZ) {
-					constructorsSizeInBytes =
-							BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
-					break;
-				}
+		for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
+			if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_INIT_ARRAYSZ) {
+				constructorsSizeInBytes =
+						BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
+				break;
 			}
 		}
 

diff --git a/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/DestructorsSection.java b/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/DestructorsSection.java
@@ -58,13 +58,11 @@ public DestructorsSection(
 		}
 
 		int destructorsSizeInBytes = 0; // bytes
-		{
-			for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
-				if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_FINI_ARRAYSZ) {
-					destructorsSizeInBytes =
-							BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
-					break;
-				}
+		for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
+			if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_FINI_ARRAYSZ) {
+				destructorsSizeInBytes =
+						BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
+				break;
 			}
 		}
 

diff --git a/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/gnu/GnuVersionDefinitionSection.java b/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/gnu/GnuVersionDefinitionSection.java
@@ -63,14 +63,12 @@ public GnuVersionDefinitionSection(
 		this.header = Objects.requireNonNull(sectionHeader);
 
 		int versionDefinitionEntryNum = 0;
-		{
-			Objects.requireNonNull(dynamicSection);
-			for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
-				if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_VERDEFNUM) {
-					versionDefinitionEntryNum =
-							BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
-					break;
-				}
+		Objects.requireNonNull(dynamicSection);
+		for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
+			if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_VERDEFNUM) {
+				versionDefinitionEntryNum =
+						BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
+				break;
 			}
 		}
 

diff --git a/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/gnu/GnuVersionRequirementsSection.java b/elf/src/main/java/com/ledmington/elf/section/gnu/GnuVersionRequirementsSection.java
@@ -63,14 +63,12 @@ public GnuVersionRequirementsSection(
 		this.header = Objects.requireNonNull(sectionHeader);
 
 		int versionRequirementsEntryNum = 0;
-		{
-			Objects.requireNonNull(dynamicSection);
-			for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
-				if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_VERNEEDNUM) {
-					versionRequirementsEntryNum =
-							BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
-					break;
-				}
+		Objects.requireNonNull(dynamicSection);
+		for (int i = 0; i < dynamicSection.getTableLength(); i++) {
+			if (dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getTag() == DynamicTableEntryTag.DT_VERNEEDNUM) {
+				versionRequirementsEntryNum =
+						BitUtils.asInt(dynamicSection.getEntry(i).getContent());
+				break;
 			}
 		}
 

diff --git a/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/ELFView.java b/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/ELFView.java
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ private record Range(int offset, int length) {
 
 		private static final int MINIMUM_ALLOWED_LENGTH = 1;
 
-		public Range {
+		/* default */ Range {
 			if (offset < 0 || length < MINIMUM_ALLOWED_LENGTH) {
 				throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Invalid range [%d; %d+%d]", offset, offset, length));
 			}

diff --git a/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/Emu.java b/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/Emu.java
@@ -61,16 +61,13 @@ public Emu(final Stage stage) {
 		bPane.setTop(topPane);
 
 		final BorderPane mainPane = new BorderPane();
-		{
-			mainPane.setCenter(
-					LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel(
-							String.join(
-									"\n",
-									"Welcome to Emu, a processor emulator made by Filippo Barbari (filippo.barbari@gmail.com).",
-									"",
-									"If you happen to find any bugs, please report them at https://github.com/Ledmington/emu/issues.")));
-			mainPane.setPadding(new Insets(5));
-		}
+		mainPane.setCenter(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel(String.join(
+				"\n",
+				"Welcome to Emu, a processor emulator made by Filippo Barbari (filippo.barbari@gmail.com).",
+				"",
+				"If you happen to find any bugs, please report them at https://github.com/Ledmington/emu/issues.")));
+		mainPane.setPadding(new Insets(5));
+
 		bPane.setCenter(mainPane);
 
 		final FlowPane bottomPane = new FlowPane();

diff --git a/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/SettingsWindow.java b/gui/src/main/java/com/ledmington/view/SettingsWindow.java
@@ -49,38 +49,33 @@ public SettingsWindow() {
 		final Scene scene = new Scene(bPane);
 
 		final GridPane mainPane = new GridPane(10, 5);
-		{
-			mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Font"), 0, 0);
-			this.fonts = new ComboBox<>();
-			for (final String fontFamily : Font.getFamilies()) {
-				final Label lbl = getFontLabel(fontFamily);
-				this.fonts.getItems().add(lbl);
-				if (this.fonts.getValue() == null) {
-					this.fonts.setValue(lbl);
-				}
+		mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Font"), 0, 0);
+		this.fonts = new ComboBox<>();
+		for (final String fontFamily : Font.getFamilies()) {
+			final Label lbl = getFontLabel(fontFamily);
+			this.fonts.getItems().add(lbl);
+			if (this.fonts.getValue() == null) {
+				this.fonts.setValue(lbl);
 			}
-			mainPane.add(this.fonts, 1, 0);
-		}
-		{
-			mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Font Size"), 0, 1);
-			this.fontSize = new Spinner<>(1, 20, AppConstants.getDefaultFontSize());
-			mainPane.add(this.fontSize, 1, 1);
-		}
-		{
-			mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Max emulator instructions"), 0, 2);
-			this.maxCodeInstructions = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMaxCodeInstructions());
-			mainPane.add(this.maxCodeInstructions, 1, 2);
-		}
-		{
-			mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Max emulator memory lines"), 0, 3);
-			this.maxMemoryLines = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMaxMemoryLines());
-			mainPane.add(this.maxMemoryLines, 1, 3);
-		}
-		{
-			mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Memory bytes per line"), 0, 4);
-			this.memoryBytesPerLine = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMemoryBytesPerLine());
-			mainPane.add(this.memoryBytesPerLine, 1, 4);
 		}
+		mainPane.add(this.fonts, 1, 0);
+
+		mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Font Size"), 0, 1);
+		this.fontSize = new Spinner<>(1, 20, AppConstants.getDefaultFontSize());
+		mainPane.add(this.fontSize, 1, 1);
+
+		mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Max emulator instructions"), 0, 2);
+		this.maxCodeInstructions = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMaxCodeInstructions());
+		mainPane.add(this.maxCodeInstructions, 1, 2);
+
+		mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Max emulator memory lines"), 0, 3);
+		this.maxMemoryLines = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMaxMemoryLines());
+		mainPane.add(this.maxMemoryLines, 1, 3);
+
+		mainPane.add(LabelFactory.getDefaultLabel("Memory bytes per line"), 0, 4);
+		this.memoryBytesPerLine = new Spinner<>(1, 1000, AppConstants.getMemoryBytesPerLine());
+		mainPane.add(this.memoryBytesPerLine, 1, 4);
+
 		mainPane.setPadding(new Insets(5));
 		bPane.setCenter(mainPane);
 

diff --git a/id/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cpu/InstructionDecoder.java b/id/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cpu/InstructionDecoder.java
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@
 	"PMD.TooManyMethods",
 	"PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals",
 	"PMD.CouplingBetweenObjects",
-	"PMD.TooManyStaticImports",
 	"PMD.NcssCount",
 	"PMD.CognitiveComplexity",
 	"PMD.TooFewBranchesForSwitch",
@@ -262,6 +261,7 @@ private static Immediate parseImmediate(final String imm) {
 		throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Immediate too long: '%s'.", imm));
 	}
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts")
 	private static Operand parseOperand(
 			final String input, final Operand previousOperand, final Optional<Integer> compressedDisplacement) {
 		if (fromStringToRegister.containsKey(input)) {

diff --git a/id/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cpu/InstructionEncoder.java b/id/src/main/java/com/ledmington/cpu/InstructionEncoder.java
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@
  * there are the LOCK/REP/REPNE, then the CS segment override, then the address size override, then the operand size
  * override.
  */
+// FIXME: reduce these suppressions
 @SuppressWarnings({
 	"PMD.AvoidLiteralsInIfCondition",
 	"PMD.NPathComplexity",
 	"PMD.CyclomaticComplexity",
 	"PMD.UselessParentheses",
 	"PMD.NcssCount",
 	"PMD.CognitiveComplexity",
-	"PMD.TooManyStaticImports",
 	"PMD.TooManyMethods",
 	"PMD.LinguisticNaming",
 	"PMD.CommentDefaultAccessModifier",

diff --git a/id/src/test/java/com/ledmington/cpu/X64Encodings.java b/id/src/test/java/com/ledmington/cpu/X64Encodings.java
@@ -167,9 +167,8 @@
 import com.ledmington.cpu.x86.Opcode;
 import com.ledmington.cpu.x86.SegmentedAddress;
 import com.ledmington.utils.BitUtils;
-import com.ledmington.utils.SuppressFBWarnings;
 
-@SuppressWarnings("PMD.TooManyStaticImports")
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.UseUtilityClass")
 public sealed class X64Encodings permits TestDecoding, TestDecodeIncompleteInstruction {
 
 	private static final Immediate one = new Immediate((byte) 1);
@@ -190,12 +189,7 @@ public sealed class X64Encodings permits TestDecoding, TestDecodeIncompleteInstr
 
 	// FIXME: this is ugly
 	// TODO: do the allowed encodings need to be a set (instead of a list)?
-	protected record X64EncodingTestCase(Instruction instruction, String intelSyntax, Set<byte[]> allowedEncodings) {
-		@SuppressFBWarnings(value = "EI_EXPOSE_REP", justification = "This object as is it is for now.")
-		public Set<byte[]> allowedEncodings() {
-			return allowedEncodings;
-		}
-	}
+	protected record X64EncodingTestCase(Instruction instruction, String intelSyntax, Set<byte[]> allowedEncodings) {}
 
 	private static X64EncodingTestCase test(final Instruction instruction, final String intelSyntax, final String hex) {
 		final String[] splitted = hex.strip().split(" ");

diff --git a/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/Memory.java b/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/Memory.java
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ default int read4(final MemoryAddress address) {
 		// Little-endian
 		int x = 0;
 		x |= BitUtils.asInt(read(address));
-		x |= (BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(1L))) << 8);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(2L))) << 16);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(3L))) << 24);
+		x |= BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(1L))) << 8;
+		x |= BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(2L))) << 16;
+		x |= BitUtils.asInt(read(address.plus(3L))) << 24;
 		return x;
 	}
 
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ default long read8(final MemoryAddress address) {
 		// Little-endian
 		long x = 0x0000000000000000L;
 		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address));
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(1L))) << 8);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(2L))) << 16);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(3L))) << 24);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(4L))) << 32);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(5L))) << 40);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(6L))) << 48);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(7L))) << 56);
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(1L))) << 8;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(2L))) << 16;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(3L))) << 24;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(4L))) << 32;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(5L))) << 40;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(6L))) << 48;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(read(address.plus(7L))) << 56;
 		return x;
 	}
 

diff --git a/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/MemoryController.java b/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/MemoryController.java
@@ -320,13 +320,13 @@ public long read8(final MemoryAddress address) {
 		// Little-endian
 		long x = 0x0000000000000000L;
 		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address));
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(1L))) << 8);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(2L))) << 16);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(3L))) << 24);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(4L))) << 32);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(5L))) << 40);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(6L))) << 48);
-		x |= (BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(7L))) << 56);
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(1L))) << 8;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(2L))) << 16;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(3L))) << 24;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(4L))) << 32;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(5L))) << 40;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(6L))) << 48;
+		x |= BitUtils.asLong(mem.read(address.plus(7L))) << 56;
 		return x;
 	}
 

diff --git a/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/PagedMemory.java b/mem/src/main/java/com/ledmington/mem/PagedMemory.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ private static final class Page {
 		private final byte[] bytes;
 		private final boolean[] initialized;
 
-		public Page(final long numBytes, final MemoryInitializer initializer) {
+		/* default */ Page(final long numBytes, final MemoryInitializer initializer) {
 			this.bytes = new byte[Math.toIntExact(numBytes)];
 			this.initialized = new boolean[Math.toIntExact(numBytes)];
 			for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {

diff --git a/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestPagedMemory.java b/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestPagedMemory.java
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
  */
 package com.ledmington.mem;
 
-@SuppressWarnings("PMD.TestClassWithoutTestCases")
-public final class TestPagedMemory extends TestMemory {
+final class TestPagedMemory extends TestMemory {
 	@Override
 	protected Memory getMemory() {
 		return new PagedMemory(MemoryInitializer.random());

diff --git a/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestRandomAccessMemory.java b/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestRandomAccessMemory.java
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
  */
 package com.ledmington.mem;
 
-@SuppressWarnings("PMD.TestClassWithoutTestCases")
-public final class TestRandomAccessMemory extends TestMemory {
+final class TestRandomAccessMemory extends TestMemory {
 	@Override
 	protected Memory getMemory() {
 		return new RandomAccessMemory(MemoryInitializer.random());

diff --git a/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestUninitializedMemory.java b/mem/src/test/java/com/ledmington/mem/TestUninitializedMemory.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ final class TestUninitializedMemory {
 	private MemoryController mem;
 
 	@BeforeEach
-	public void setup() {
+	/* default */ void setup() {
 		// Creating a memory controller with all permissions on the whole range, but without initializing anything
 		mem = new MemoryController(new RandomAccessMemory(MemoryInitializer.random()), true, true, true, true, true);
 	}

diff --git a/objdump/src/main/java/com/ledmington/objdump/Main.java b/objdump/src/main/java/com/ledmington/objdump/Main.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public static void main(final String[] args) {
 		String filename = null;
 		boolean disassembleExecutableSections = false;
 
+		// FIXME: rewrite using package 'cmdline'
 		for (final String arg : args) {
 			switch (arg) {
 				case "-H", "--help":

diff --git a/prod.ruleset.xml b/prod.ruleset.xml
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@
         </properties>
     </rule>
 
+    <!-- Avoid reporting files with too many static imports (FIXME: workaround until [this issue](https://github.com/pmd/pmd/issues/6983) gets fixed in PMD) -->
+    <rule ref="category/java/codestyle.xml/TooManyStaticImports">
+        <properties>
+            <property name="maximumStaticImports" value="10" />
+        </properties>
+    </rule>
+
     <rule ref="category/java/design.xml">
         <!-- Avoid reporting classes with too many imports -->
 	    <exclude name="ExcessiveImports" />