Robot Framework — Browser Library UI Automation Framework

A UI Automation Framework built on Robot Framework and Browser Library (Playwright-based), structured around a Page Object Model with centralised configuration, reusable resource layers, and organised test suites.

The project also contains a LegacyTests/ folder housing two legacy exploration suites — BrowserTest and NewBrowserTests — which cover individual Browser Library features and are kept as reference material.

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Setup

Prerequisites: Python 3.8+

# 1. Clone the repo
git clone <repo-url>
cd BrowserLibrary_RF

# 2. Install all Python dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

# 3. Download Playwright browser binaries (required by Browser Library)
rfbrowser init

After rfbrowser init completes you can run the framework tests immediately:

robot --outputdir results tests/

Legacy suites only: if you also want to run LegacyTests/, install the optional libraries listed at the bottom of requirements.txt before running them.

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Project Structure

BrowserLibrary_RF/
├── robot.toml                          # Central runner config (output dir, log level, env profiles)
│
├── config/
│   └── environments.resource           # Single source of truth: URLs, browser, timeouts
│
├── resources/
│   ├── base.resource                   # Browser lifecycle: Open/Close session, New/Close page
│   ├── common_keywords.robot           # Backward-compatible keywords for legacy suites
│   └── pages/                          # Page Object Model
│       ├── LoginPage.resource          # OrangeHRM login page — locators + action keywords
│       └── DashboardPage.resource      # OrangeHRM dashboard page — locators + action keywords
│
├── testdata/
│   └── orangehrm_credentials.json      # Externalised test credentials and expected values
│
├── tests/
│   ├── smoke/
│   │   └── LoginSmokeTests.robot       # Login page title, valid login, dashboard header
│   └── regression/
│       └── InvalidLoginTests.robot     # Data-driven invalid credential combinations
│
├── results/                            # robot output: output.xml, log.html, report.html
│
├── LegacyTests/
│   ├── Resource.robot                      # Legacy shared keywords (BrowserTest suites)
│   ├── BrowserTest/                        # Feature-focused reference suites
│   │   ├── Data/                           # testdata.json, LoginData.xlsx, Data.xlsx
│   │   ├── Images/                         # Reference images for ImageHorizonLibrary
│   │   ├── ParallelTests/                  # Chrome parallel test runners
│   │   └── *.robot
│   └── NewBrowserTests/                    # Numbered progressive learning suites
│       └── *.robot

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Framework Layers

Layer	File(s)	Responsibility
Config	config/environments.resource	${BASE_URL}, ${BROWSER}, ${TIMEOUT} — override at runtime with --variable
Base	resources/base.resource	Browser/context/page lifecycle; no test logic
Page Objects	resources/pages/*.resource	Locator variables + page-scoped action keywords
Test Data	testdata/*.json	Credentials and expected values outside test files
Tests	tests/smoke/, tests/regression/	Human-readable test cases; call page-object keywords only

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Libraries Used

Library	Purpose
Browser	Core Playwright-based browser automation
RPA.Excel.Files	Excel read/write via RPA Framework
JSONLibrary	JSON file parsing and manipulation
ImageHorizonLibrary	Image-recognition based clicks
Dialogs	Pause Execution for manual inspection
Collections	List and dictionary utilities
DateTime	Date/time helpers

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Framework Test Suites (tests/)

Smoke — tests/smoke/LoginSmokeTests.robot

Test	Tags	What it verifies
Login Page Title Is Correct	smoke ui	Page title equals OrangeHRM
Valid Login Redirects To Dashboard	smoke ui auth	Valid credentials land on the dashboard
Dashboard Header Shows Correct Text	smoke ui	Dashboard topbar header reads Dashboard

Suite lifecycle: Open Browser Session (Suite Setup) → New Page ${LOGIN_URL} (Test Setup) → Delete All Cookies + Close Page (Test Teardown) → Close Browser Session (Suite Teardown).

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Regression — tests/regression/InvalidLoginTests.robot

Data-driven via Test Template. Three credential combinations, all expected to show the "Invalid credentials" error message.

Test	Username	Password
Invalid Password	Admin	admin
Invalid Username	adm	admin123
Invalid Username And Password	adm	admin

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LegacyTests/BrowserTest

Each suite targets a specific Browser Library feature. All suites share LegacyTests/Resource.robot, which provides Open Browser to … setup keywords.

Browser & Navigation

File	What it covers
TestBrowser.robot	First-contact test: login flow on the-internet, URL/title assertions, multi-page context
FirefoxBrowser.robot	Opening a maximised Firefox browser with viewport=None
Navigation.robot	Go Back / Go Forward page navigation on nopCommerce
SwitchTabs.robot	Multi-tab handling: Get Page IDs, Switch Page, URL assertions across tabs

Locators & Element Interaction

File	What it covers
Locators.robot	CSS selectors (>, >>), id=, xpath= and the differences between them
FillText.robot	Fill Text (instant paste) vs Type Text (character-by-character with delay), Clear Text
PressKeysTest.robot	Press Keys for keyboard shortcuts (Control+A/C/V, Backspace, Tab, ArrowDown)
MouseClicks.robot	Click With Options for double-click (clickCount=2) and right-click (button=right)
Hover.robot	Hover keyword for triggering hover/dropdown menus

Assertions & Element State

File	What it covers
Assertions.robot	Inline getter-assertions: Get Text, Get Title, Get Url, Get Element Count, Get Element States, Get Checkbox State, Get Attribute, Get Attribute Names, Get BoundingBox, Get Property
GetTest.robot	Get Attribute Names, Get Attribute, Get Text with variable storage
CheckBoxTest.robot	Get Checkbox State, Check Checkbox, Uncheck Checkbox with conditional IF logic

Forms & Input Controls

File	What it covers
SelectOptions.robot	Get Select Options, Get Selected Options, Select Options By (index), Deselect Options
DatePicker.robot	Dynamic date-picker on Turkish Airlines — calculates month difference and iterates calendar rows/columns to click the target day

Advanced Web Features

File	What it covers
AlertTest.robot	JavaScript alert handling with Promise To + Wait For Alert and Handle Future Dialogs
iFramesTest.robot	Cross-frame element access using the >>> chained selector syntax
ShadowDomTest.robot	Shadow DOM traversal using >> Pierce selector on the Polymer shop demo
DragDropTest.robot	Drag And Drop and Drag And Drop By Coordinates
TableTest.robot	Get Table Cell Element, Get Table Cell Index, Get Table Row Index
Scroll_Window.robot	Scroll By (delta x/y with easing) and Scroll To Element

HTTP & Active Links

File	What it covers
ActiveLinks.robot	Http keyword to assert HTTP 200 for single and all anchor-tag links on a page

Visual & Debugging Helpers

File	What it covers
HighlightTest.robot	Highlight Elements with configurable duration, width, style, and color
ScreenshotTest.robot	Take Screenshot with indexed filenames, full-page JPEG, and EMBED mode
ImageHorizon.robot	ImageHorizonLibrary image-recognition clicks — reference images stored in Images/

Test Templates & Tags

File	What it covers
TestTemplate2.robot	[Template] at test level for data-driven arithmetic tests
TestTemplateForLoop.robot	[Template] with FOR loop over a credential list
Tags.robot	Force Tags and [Tags] for suite- and test-level tagging (smoke, regression, db)
RerunFailed.robot	Minimal suite for practicing --rerunfailed CLI option

Data-Driven Tests

File	What it covers
JSONData.robot	Load JSON From File, Get Value From JSON, Add Object To Json, Update Value To Json using Data/testdata.json
ExcelDataReadWrite_RPA.robot	Open Workbook, Read Worksheet, Create Workbook, Append Rows to Worksheet, Create Worksheet
ExcelDataUpdate_RPA.robot	Drive login tests from Excel; write error messages back into cells with Set Cell Value
ExcelDataOtherKeywords_RPA.robot	Rename Worksheet, Remove Worksheet, Delete/Insert Columns/Rows
ExcelTestDropDownValues.robot	Read date values from Excel and populate drop-down selectors on a web form

Data Directory (LegacyTests/BrowserTest/Data/)

File	Used by
testdata.json	JSONData.robot — URL, credentials, user detail fields
LoginData.xlsx	Excel test suites — multi-sheet workbook with login credentials
Data.xlsx	ExcelTestDropDownValues.robot — date values for drop-down selection

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LegacyTests/NewBrowserTests

Nine numbered suites against OrangeHRM and nopCommerce, structured as a progressive learning path. All suites share resources/common_keywords.robot, which provides Open Maximized Browser, Open Browser To Login Page, and Invalid Login to OrangeHRM.

File	Site	What it covers
1_OrangeHRMTest.robot	OrangeHRM	Suite/Test lifecycle hooks; Get Url, Get Title assertions
2_OpenBrowserTest.robot	OrangeHRM	New Page vs Open Browser — implicit vs. explicit browser/context
3_OpenDifferentBrowsers.robot	nopCommerce	New Browser with browser=chromium/firefox and channel=msedge
4_LoginLocatorsTest.robot	OrangeHRM	CSS attribute selectors vs XPath; shared context via Suite Setup/Teardown
5_InvalidLoginTests.robot	OrangeHRM	Suite-level Test Template; three invalid credential combinations
6_AdvancedTemplateTest.robot	OrangeHRM	[Template] combined with a FOR loop over @{INVALID_CREDENTIALS}
7_ActiveLinks.robot	DemoQA	Get Elements, Get Property (href), Http keyword, HTTP 200 assertions
8_InputTest.robot	nopCommerce	Fill Text vs Type Text with delay and clear=False parameters
9_MouseClicksTest.robot	nopCommerce	Click With Options — clickCount=2 (double-click) and button=right

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Demo / Target Sites

Site	Used by
demo.nopcommerce.com	Assertions, FillText, Hover, MouseClicks, Navigation, Locators, SelectOptions, ActiveLinks, NewBrowserTests 3/8/9
opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com	PressKeysTest, ScreenshotTest, ExcelDataUpdate, Scroll_Window, NewBrowserTests 1/2/4/5/6
demoqa.com	AlertTest, iFramesTest, DragDropTest, GetTest, NewBrowserTests 7
the-internet.herokuapp.com	TestBrowser, ImageHorizon
tablepress.org/demo	TableTest
demo.automationtesting.in	SwitchTabs
demo.guru99.com	CookiesTest
turkishairlines.com	DatePicker
shop.polymer-project.org	ShadowDomTest

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Running Tests

All commands should be run from the project root (BrowserLibrary_RF/).
Results are written to results/ as configured in robot.toml.

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Run everything

robot --outputdir results tests/

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Run a single folder (suite directory)

# Smoke suite only
robot --outputdir results tests/smoke/

# Regression suite only
robot --outputdir results tests/regression/

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Run a single .robot file

robot --outputdir results tests/smoke/LoginSmokeTests.robot
robot --outputdir results tests/regression/InvalidLoginTests.robot

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Run a single test case by name

robot --outputdir results --test "Valid Login Redirects To Dashboard" tests/
robot --outputdir results --test "Invalid Password" tests/

Use --test with a glob pattern to match multiple names:

robot --outputdir results --test "Invalid*" tests/

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Run by tag

# All tests tagged 'smoke'
robot --outputdir results --include smoke tests/

# All tests tagged 'auth'
robot --outputdir results --include auth tests/

# Smoke but not auth
robot --outputdir results --include smoke --exclude auth tests/

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Override browser or run headless

# Run in Firefox
robot --outputdir results --variable BROWSER:firefox tests/

# Run headless (no visible browser window)
robot --outputdir results --variable HEADLESS:true tests/

# Firefox + headless
robot --outputdir results --variable BROWSER:firefox --variable HEADLESS:true tests/

Or use the named environment profiles from robot.toml:

# CI profile (chromium, headless=true)
robotcode run --env ci tests/

# Firefox profile
robotcode run --env firefox tests/

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Change the timeout at runtime

robot --outputdir results --variable TIMEOUT:20s tests/

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Rerun only failed tests

# First run — save failures to output.xml
robot --outputdir results tests/

# Second run — execute only the failed tests
robot --outputdir results --rerunfailed results/output.xml tests/

# Merge both runs into a single report
rebot --merge results/output.xml results/output.xml

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Run legacy BrowserTest or NewBrowserTests suites

robot --outputdir results/legacy LegacyTests/BrowserTest/
robot --outputdir results/legacy LegacyTests/NewBrowserTests/

# Single legacy file
robot --outputdir results/legacy LegacyTests/BrowserTest/Assertions.robot
robot --outputdir results/legacy LegacyTests/NewBrowserTests/5_InvalidLoginTests.robot

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Dry-run (validate syntax without executing)

robot --dryrun tests/

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Libraries Used

Library	Purpose
Browser	Core Playwright-based browser automation
RPA.Excel.Files	Excel read/write via RPA Framework
JSONLibrary	JSON file parsing and manipulation
ImageHorizonLibrary	Image-recognition based clicks
Dialogs	Pause Execution for manual inspection
Collections	List and dictionary utilities
DateTime	Date/time helpers