Introduction to Linux Commands and Shell Scripting

This repository contains a Jupyter Notebook (linux.ipynb) that demonstrates various Linux commands and their usage. Below is a preview of the notebook's content:

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1. Update System Packages

   • Command: sudo apt update
   • Description: Updates the list of available packages and their versions.
   • Location: Cell 1

2. Search Manual Pages

   • Command: man -k .
   • Description: Searches the manual pages for all available commands.
   • Location: Cell 2

3. View Manual for ls Command

   • Command: man ls
   • Description: Displays the manual for the ls command.
   • Location: Cell 3

4. List Files in Directory

   • Command: ls
   • Description: Lists all files in the current directory.
   • Location: Cell 4

5. Install tldr Command

   • Command: npm install -g tldr
   • Description: Installs the tldr command for simplified manual pages.
   • Location: Cell 5

6. View tldr for ls Command

   • Command: tldr ls
   • Description: Displays a simplified manual for the ls command.
   • Location: Cell 6

7. Display Current User

   • Command: whoami
   • Description: Displays the username of the current user.
   • Location: Cell 7

8. Display System Name

   • Command: uname
   • Description: Displays the system's name.
   • Location: Cell 8

9. Display System Information

   • Command: uname -a
   • Description: Displays detailed system information.
   • Location: Cell 9

10. Display User ID

    • Command: id
    • Description: Displays the user ID and group ID of the current user.
    • Location: Cell 10

11. Display User Numeric ID

    • Command: id -u
    • Description: Displays the numeric user ID of the current user.
    • Location: Cell 11

12. Display User Name from Numeric ID

    • Command: id -u -n
    • Description: Displays the username corresponding to the numeric user ID.
    • Location: Cell 12

13. Display Disk Usage

    • Command: df
    • Description: Displays disk space usage.
    • Location: Cell 13

14. Display Disk Usage (Human-Readable)

    • Command: df -h
    • Description: Displays disk space usage in a human-readable format.
    • Location: Cell 14

15. List Running Processes

    • Command: ps
    • Description: Lists currently running processes.
    • Location: Cell 15

16. List All Processes

    • Command: ps -e
    • Description: Lists all processes running on the system.
    • Location: Cell 16

17. Print Environment Path

    • Command: echo $PATH | tr ':' '\n'
    • Description: Prints each directory in the PATH environment variable on a new line.
    • Location: Cell 17

18. Print a Message

    • Command: echo "Hello World!"
    • Description: Prints the message "Hello World!" to the terminal.
    • Location: Cell 18

19. Print Formatted Text

    • Command: echo -e "Printing\nThis 2nd line."
    • Description: Prints formatted text with a newline.
    • Location: Cell 19

20. Display Current Date

    • Command: date
    • Description: Displays the current date and time.
    • Location: Cell 20

21. Display Custom Date Formats

    • Commands:
      • date "+%Y"
      • date "+%D"
      • date "+The current time is %T"
    • Description: Displays the year, date, and a custom time format.
    • Location: Cell 21

22. List Files in Parent Directory

    • Command: ls ../..
    • Description: Lists files in the parent directory two levels up.
    • Location: Cell 22

23. List Files in Home Directory

    • Command: ls ~
    • Description: Lists files in the home directory.
    • Location: Cell 23

24. Print Current Directory

    • Command: pwd
    • Description: Prints the current working directory.
    • Location: Cell 24

25. Change Directory to Home and Print

    • Commands:
      • cd ~
      • pwd
    • Description: Changes to the home directory and prints the current directory.
    • Location: Cell 25

26. Navigate to Workspace Directory

    • Commands:
      • cd ../../workspace/Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting
      • pwd
      • ls
    • Description: Navigates to the workspace directory, prints the current directory, and lists its contents.
    • Location: Cell 26

27. List Files in Parent Directory

    • Command: ls ..
    • Description: Lists files in the parent directory.
    • Location: Cell 27

28. List Files in Current Directory

    • Commands:
      • ls .
      • pwd .
    • Description: Lists files in the current directory and prints its path.
    • Location: Cell 28

29. Create and Remove a Sample Directory

    • Commands:
      • mkdir sample
      • ls
      • touch sample.md
      • ls
      • rm sample.md
      • rm -r sample
      • ls
    • Description: Demonstrates creating, listing, and removing a directory and file.
    • Location: Cell 29

30. View Shell Script Content

    • Command: cat linux.sh
    • Description: Displays the content of the linux.sh file.
    • Location: Cell 30

31. View Manual for Bash

    • Command: man bash
    • Description: Displays the manual for the Bash shell.
    • Location: Cell 31

32. Edit Shell Script

    • Commands:
      • nano -w linux.sh
      • vim linux.sh
    • Description: Opens the linux.sh file in text editors for editing.
    • Location: Cell 32

33. Change File Permissions

    • Commands:
      • chmod +x linux.sh
      • chmod u-x linux.sh
      • chmod go-wx linux.sh
      • chmod g+w linux.sh
    • Description: Demonstrates changing file permissions for the linux.sh file.
    • Location: Cell 33

34. List Files with Specific Patterns

    • Commands:
      • ls /bin/b*
      • ls /bin/*r | head -n 20
    • Description: Lists files in /bin matching specific patterns.
    • Location: Cell 34

35. Display File Metadata

    • Command: ls -l linux.sh
    • Description: Displays detailed metadata for the linux.sh file.
    • Location: Cell 35

36. View File Modification Date

    • Command: date -r linux.sh
    • Description: Displays the last modification date of the linux.sh file.
    • Location: Cell 36

37. Search Files

    • Command: find /etc -name '*.txt'
    • Description: Searches for .txt files in the /etc directory.
    • Location: Cell 37

38. View README File Content

    • Commands:
      • more README.md
      • head README.md
      • tail README.md
    • Description: Displays the content of the README.md file.
    • Location: Cell 38

39. Count Words, Lines, and Characters in README

    • Commands:
      • wc README.md
      • wc -l README.md
      • wc -w README.md
      • wc -c README.md
    • Description: Counts the number of words, lines, and characters in the README.md file.
    • Location: Cell 39

40. Sort and Filter README Content

    • Commands:
      • sort README.md | head -n 10
      • sort -r README.md | head -n 10
      • uniq README.md | head -n 10
    • Description: Sorts and filters the content of the README.md file.
    • Location: Cell 40

41. Search README for Specific Text

    • Commands:
      • grep ch README.md | head -n 10
      • grep -i ch README.md | head -n 10
    • Description: Searches for specific text in the README.md file.
    • Location: Cell 41

42. Cut and Paste File Content

    • Commands:
      • cut -c 2-9 README.md | head -n 10
      • cut -d ' ' -f2 README.md | head -n 10
      • paste first.txt last.txt
      • paste -d "," first.txt last.txt
    • Description: Demonstrates cutting and pasting file content.
    • Location: Cell 42

43. Remove Temporary Directory

    • Command: rm -r copy
    • Description: Removes the copy directory.
    • Location: Cell 43

44. Display Hostname Information

    • Commands:
      • hostname
      • hostname -s
      • hostname -i
    • Description: Displays the hostname, short hostname, and IP address of the system.
    • Location: Cell 44

45. Display Network Configuration

    • Commands:
      • ifconfig
      • ifconfig eth0
    • Description: Displays network configuration details for all interfaces or a specific interface (e.g., eth0).
    • Location: Cell 45

46. Ping a Website

    • Command: ping -c 5 www.google.com
    • Description: Sends 5 ICMP echo requests to www.google.com to check connectivity.
    • Location: Cell 46

47. Fetch a Webpage Using curl

    • Command: curl www.google.com
    • Description: Fetches the HTML content of www.google.com.
    • Location: Cell 47

48. Save Webpage Content to a File

    • Commands:
      • curl www.google.com -o google.txt
      • head -n 10 google.txt
    • Description: Saves the HTML content of www.google.com to a file named google.txt and displays the first 10 lines.
    • Location: Cell 48

49. Download a File Using wget

    • Command: wget https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/iso_8859-1.txt
    • Description: Downloads the file iso_8859-1.txt from the specified URL.
    • Location: Cell 49

50. Download a File Using curl

    • Command: curl -O https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/iso_8859-1.txt
    • Description: Downloads the file iso_8859-1.txt from the specified URL using curl.
    • Location: Cell 50

51. View File Content

    • Command: head -n 10 iso_8859-1.txt
    • Description: Displays the first 10 lines of the file iso_8859-1.txt.
    • Location: Cell 51

52. Install iproute2 Package

    • Command: sudo apt install iproute2
    • Description: Installs the iproute2 package for advanced network configuration.
    • Location: Cell 52

53. Display IP Address Information

    • Command: ip a
    • Description: Displays IP address information for all network interfaces.
    • Location: Cell 53

54. Display IP Address for Specific Interface

    • Command: ip addr show eth0
    • Description: Displays IP address information for the eth0 interface.
    • Location: Cell 54

55. Create a Tar Archive

    • Command: tar -cf introToShell.tar ../../workspaces/Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting
    • Description: Creates a tar archive of the Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting directory.
    • Location: Cell 55

56. Create a Compressed Tar Archive

    • Command: tar -czf introToShell.tar.gz ../../workspaces/Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting
    • Description: Creates a compressed tar archive of the Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting directory.
    • Location: Cell 56

57. List Contents of a Tar Archive

    • Command: tar -tf introToShell.tar | head -n 20
    • Description: Lists the first 20 files in the tar archive.
    • Location: Cell 57

58. Extract a Tar Archive

    • Command: tar -xf introToShell.tar workspaces
    • Description: Extracts the tar archive into the workspaces directory.
    • Location: Cell 58

59. Extract a Compressed Tar Archive

    • Command: tar -xzf introToShell.tar.gz workspaces
    • Description: Extracts the compressed tar archive into the workspaces directory.
    • Location: Cell 59

60. Create a Zip Archive

    • Command: zip -r introToShell.zip ../../workspaces/Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting/
    • Description: Creates a zip archive of the Introduction-to-Shell-Scripting directory.
    • Location: Cell 60

61. Extract a Zip Archive

    • Commands:
      • unzip introToShell.zip
      • ls -R
    • Description: Extracts the zip archive and lists the contents recursively.
    • Location: Cell 61

62. Clean Up Extracted Files and Archives

    • Commands:
      • rm -r workspaces
      • rm introToShell.zip
      • rm introToShell.tar
      • rm introToShell.tar.gz
    • Description: Removes extracted files and archives to clean up the workspace.
    • Location: Cell 62

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