test(bindings): make temporary-home cleanup panic-safe

[xuyua9]

Summary

• make the bindings test HOME/APPDATA setup use an RAII guard
• restore process environment and clean temporary directories during unwinding
• add a catch_unwind regression test for panic cleanup

Validation

• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• cargo test -p desk_remote_core bindings
• git diff --check

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