refactor(ai-gateway): lift telemetry into Effect

[robinbraemer]

Progresses #105
Progresses #102

Outcome

Introduces the Effect-native AI Gateway telemetry boundary used by the runtime migration. Legacy synchronous telemetry is lifted into typed Effect operations, and telemetry defects are contained so diagnostics can never replace request semantics.

Behavior

• Models the full request, authorization, route, quota, upstream, streaming, release, and terminal lifecycle as Effects.
• Preserves safe attempt correlation and the existing bounded telemetry schema.
• Converts adapter defects into inert telemetry without exposing payloads, credentials, or provider identity.
• Provides an explicit no-op service for disabled observability.
• Adds the suite to the repository Effect gate.

Verification

• AI Gateway legacy characterization: 64 passed
• Effect suite: 221 passed across 42 files
• Effect policy: 397 TypeScript paths, zero violations
• build, sequential root typecheck, and diff check passed after rebase onto main

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Status	Name	Latest Commit	Updated (UTC)
❌ Deployment failed View logs	agentos-site	7e52c44	Aug 01 2026, 07:48 PM

[robinbraemer]

Required check passed. Local evidence: 64 AI Gateway legacy characterization tests, 221 Effect tests across 42 files, Effect policy over 397 TypeScript paths with zero violations, plus build, sequential root typecheck, and diff check after rebase. The external Workers Builds: agentos-site integration failed and its dependent website preview remains pending, matching prior PRs; this PR does not change the website.